作者： admin

　　This year’s government work report proposes to make room for the development of clean energy. Although small hydropower is internationally recognized as clean energy, its development is restricted or even stopped in some places. There are more than 47,000 small hydropower stations in China. What will happen in the future?

　　"It is easy to build a river dam, will it have an impact on the ecology? The water was intercepted by the upstream, and what about the downstream water? " The social doubts about small hydropower mainly focus on three aspects: first, it will reduce the dehydration of river sections; second, the dam construction of small hydropower will cut off rivers; third, it will compete with the people for water.

　　The power stations built in the early days were limited by the conditions at that time, and some of them were unscientific in planning and design. In addition, they were once developed out of order, which really brought about the influence of river reduction and dehydration, and some river basins had problems such as river cut-off and water pollution and eutrophication.

　　Will these problems become the "fatal wound" of small hydropower? Should small hydropower be developed or restricted? Spicy Finance went to Fujian and Zhejiang, major hydropower provinces, and conducted an investigation and interview.

　　Small hydropower has great emission reduction benefits and high energy return rate.

　　Yongchun County, Fujian Province, is the birthplace of small hydropower in China. There are 220 hydropower stations in 750 kilometers of rivers. The small hydropower here has made farmers’ production and life inseparable.

　　There are 236 administrative villages in Yongchun County, and 122 villages have hydropower stations. More than 70% of the power stations are collectively managed by villages, with an average annual hydropower income of 200,000 yuan. Xianyan Hydropower Station undertakes the public welfare services of surrounding villages, and 10 villages enjoy preferential electricity prices, with 3 cents cheaper per kilowatt hour, which is nearly 700,000 yuan a year.

　　"Small hydropower itself does not draw water, which is a green project." Zheng Shuangwei, director of the county water conservancy bureau, said that the development of small hydropower will destroy the ecology, which is biased. After all, there are a few small hydropower problems. In fact, the negative impact of small hydropower can be minimized through technical means and management measures.

　　In the dry season of Qingyuan Power Station on the main stream of Taoxi River, the 7-kilometer-long reach is easy to dry up from the water intake to the water outlet of the power station. This is also a controversial dewatering section.

　　How to solve the problem of water reduction in river reach? In 2015, the power station was rebuilt, and 48 new drainage holes were added, from which gurgling water flowed into the river. "The measures are quite simple. With the drainage holes, the dry season will give priority to ecological protection. With a flow rate of 1 cubic meter per second, the river section will not be dehydrated." Lin Jingsheng, head of the power station, said.

　　During the "Thirteenth Five-Year Plan" period, Fujian will ecologically transform 500 small hydropower stations. By 2030, all power stations that cause serious dehydration will implement ecological flow.

　　Then, will the small hydropower dam cut off the river? Will it compete with the people for water?

　　Zhejiang encourages the ecological transformation of small hydropower stations, installing ecological units, adding water outlets and building dams. The province subsidizes 35%, and the city and county subsidize some more. Fenghuang Hydropower Station in Anji County has transformed into "small hydropower+water supply". There is a power plant under the dam and a water plant on the dam, and an ecological small unit is added. Last year, the water supply alone reached 10 million cubic meters. With the ecological flow, the downstream delivery port will be smooth and clear all the year round.

　　Small hydropower can not only generate electricity, but also has obvious comprehensive benefits such as flood control, irrigation and water supply. There are four reservoirs behind the 480 kW White Hydropower Station in Yongqiang District, Wenzhou City, Zhejiang Province. The flood was put into the reservoir area and the fertile land was irrigated.

　　"Small hydropower itself is no problem. Through scientific planning and strict supervision, some negative effects can be minimized." Cheng Xialei, director of the International Small Hydropower Center, said that not only small hydropower, but also any human activity has an impact on the ecological environment, and wind power and photovoltaics are no exception. The key is how to weigh the pros and cons and how to transform.

　　According to the data of international research institutions, from the perspective of energy return rate, hydropower is 170— 280, while wind power is 18— 34, solar energy is 3— 6. Traditional thermal power is 2.5— 5.1。 According to the research of china environmental science Research Institute, the benefit of reducing PM2.5 emission by small hydropower is more than 1.5 times that of wind power and solar power generation. In other words, small hydropower generates a lot of electricity, but the energy required for its own construction and maintenance is very small.

　　Accurate poverty alleviation, small hydropower shoulders the heavy responsibility

　　At present, the development rate of small hydropower in China is 59.2%, which is lower than the level of about 80% in developed countries. In Switzerland and France, the development rate of small hydropower is as high as 97%.

　　Most of the undeveloped hydropower resources in China are concentrated in 832 poverty-stricken counties. To win the battle against poverty, we must not only let the poor people get rid of it, but also let them have a stable income and a way to get rich. But at present, the biggest difficulty in industrial assistance is that there are too few good projects. Small hydropower projects, however, have little investment risk and market impact, and can bring long-term stable income. Local development and nearby power supply will help the poor realize the function of "hematopoiesis".

　　In 2016, the state allocated 300 million yuan from the central budget to carry out pilot projects of rural small hydropower poverty alleviation in six provinces and cities including Hunan, Shaanxi and Chongqing. According to the national regulations, after the completion of the poverty alleviation hydropower station, the poverty alleviation income funds will be paid to the county government where the project is located at a rate of not less than 6% of the central investment every year, which will be specially used to support the construction of local poor households and infrastructure.

　　The pilot project of rural small hydropower poverty alleviation in Shaanxi Province will be fully completed before the end of June, and the poor people will share the fruits of hydropower resources development. The four pilot projects in the province will provide no less than 3.4 million yuan of poverty alleviation income funds every year for poverty alleviation and improvement of local infrastructure.

　　Dongkou County and Xinhua County, Hunan Province, are located in the contiguous poverty-stricken areas of Wuling Mountain. Last year, the central government invested 10 million yuan and 29.8 million yuan respectively to build two poverty-relief power stations. Each year, the two power stations will allocate more than 2.4 million yuan as income funds for poverty alleviation, 80% of which will directly increase the income of poor households who have set up files, and 20% will be used for infrastructure construction in poor villages.

　　"Small hydropower has remarkable benefits in poverty alleviation, and I hope to increase policy support." Cheng Xialei suggested that the ecological electricity price mechanism is feasible, and an ecological compensation mechanism should be established as soon as possible in accordance with the principle of "whoever develops and protects, whoever benefits and compensates".

　　"It is worth noting that behind the restrictions on small hydropower, the installed capacity of coal-fired power is still expanding. In some places, water, wind and light are seriously abandoned. Only Sichuan and Yunnan provinces abandoned 80 billion kWh of water last year." Wang Yinan, a researcher at the Institute of Resources and Environmental Policy of the State Council Development Research Center, said that although the Renewable Energy Law clearly stipulates that hydropower is renewable energy, hydropower has not been able to enjoy the incentive policies for renewable energy such as wind power and solar energy for more than 10 years, and hydropower has been excluded from the full-guaranteed acquisition policy, which has hindered its consumption. At the national level, top-level design should be accelerated, local barriers should be broken, and hydropower should be included in the scope of full-guaranteed acquisition of renewable energy as soon as possible. (People’s Daily Central Kitchen Spicy Finance Studio Zhao Yongping)

　　TV series The Longest Day In Chang’an stills information pictures

　　[Ask and cut the net text]

　　● The cultural consciousness of online novels with the theme of ancient costumes in the process of film and television adaptation has broadened the space for their development. At the same time, the arrival of the "internet plus" era has also brought a new opportunity and challenge to the development of online literature.

　　● From online novels to film and television dramas, it belongs to "re-creation" and "re-creation". The value guidance and cultural atmosphere should not be a process of weakening, but should be a process of continuous improvement and strengthening, so that the value guidance is more in line with social value norms and the cultural atmosphere is fuller and more authentic.

　　From its germination, prosperity to popularity, online novels with the theme of ancient costumes have always been inextricably linked with Chinese traditional culture. The mature development of online literature can not be separated from the influence and nourishment of traditional culture, from the ancient costume theme in the early days, to the hot travel novels later, and to the increasingly popular online novels with biographical costume themes recently. In recent years, some popular TV series adapted from online novels, such as Hougong Zhenhuan Biography, Ruyi’s Royal Love in the Palace, legend of miyue, nirvana in fire, Do you know if it should be green and fat, The Longest Day In Chang’an and Joy of Life, show the grand Chinese history, classic poems and songs, and traditional folk customs one by one, coupled with different types and styles of plays, personalized character design and subtle cultural connotation, showing Chinese tradition. The cultural consciousness in the process of film adaptation of online novels with the theme of ancient costume broadens the space for their development, and the arrival of the "internet plus" era also brings a new opportunity and challenge to the development of online literature.

　　Let "overhead" land.

　　In the early stage of creation, online novels with the theme of ancient costume tend to adopt the writing style of "overhead" history, or construct the whole work in the mode of crossing time and space. This creative way far away from history has found a more reasonable solution in the process of film and television adaptation of online novels.

　　Wu Xuelan’s Biography of Zhen Huan, an online writer, is the main representative of returning to historical film and television works from online novels with overhead history. In the original work, the author fictionalized a dynasty, telling the story of a bloody incident in the former imperial harem from the first year of Ganyuan to the thirty years of Ganyuan. In the film adaptation, he chose to land in the Yongzheng period of the Qing Dynasty, relying on the history of the Qing Dynasty, to show that familiar and unfamiliar court story.

　　Joy of Life, an online novel, was originally a novel about crossing the theme. It tells the story of a dying patient in modern times, Fan Shen, who happened to cross the fictional country of Qingguo by chance and started a confusing adventure for the rest of his life, hence the name "Yunian Qing". In the process of film and television adaptation, the creator adopted the narrative mode of "play in play" to transform Fan Xian’s legendary experience of celebrating the country into the content of a novel written by Jasmine Zhang, a university student. This plot design not only conforms to the narrative logic of "crossing" the plot in the original work, but also complements the research idea of the protagonist Jasmine Zhang "analyzing the history of ancient literature with modern concepts", and better sews up the gap between the fiction of online literature and the official history, which makes a powerful exploration for the realistic return of novels with costume themes.

　　In addition, the accurate positioning of historical events is also a new attempt in the film adaptation of online novels in recent years. The TV series "legend of miyue" directed by Zheng Xiaolong tells the ups and downs of the life story of Mi Yue, the first empress dowager in China history and a female politician of Qin State in the Warring States Period. Among them, allusions such as "Returning to Zhao in perfect condition", "encircling Wei to save Zhao" and "uniting Lian Heng" are accurately reproduced, and figures such as Zhang Yi, Qu Yuan and Huang Xie also appear in the Warring States Period, realizing a high degree of integration of biographies and historical facts. It can be seen that the landing of "overhead" history, the reversal through time and space, and the innovative interpretation of celebrity allusions have become an important path for the film adaptation of online novels, gradually guiding the audience to pay attention to, respect and reflect on history, and to understand and observe reality with a more rational and comprehensive eye.

　　Let classical poetry "appear" vividly

　　Five thousand years of Chinese traditional culture is extensive and profound, which has become the spiritual soil for the creation of online novels with the theme of ancient costumes. At the same time, online novels actively absorb and transmit the artistic essence of Chinese excellent traditional culture. The emerging network literature forms and excellent traditional culture join hands to explore new ways forward.

　　In recent years, the film and television dramas adapted from online novels with the theme of ancient costumes have tried to integrate classical poetry and lyrics into film and television works, making a new attempt for the revival and dissemination of traditional poetry. At present, there are several types of reproduction methods of classic poems in popular dramas with costume themes adapted from online novels.

　　First, the name of the play is vividly used in poetry and allusions. For example, the title of the TV series "Do you know if it should be green, fat, red and thin?" is taken from the words in the Song Dynasty poetess Li Qingzhao’s "Like a dream, it rained last night and the wind blew suddenly." When the novel was published, seven poems were also used as the titles of each volume, namely, "Begonia blooms in my hometown today, and only famous flowers are bitter and lonely", "I faded my makeup from plum powder and painted a new red begonia", "Begonia doesn’t hesitate to be rouge, and I don’t wait for the golden house to recommend Huatang", "I don’t know that flowers are more gorgeous until I am pale, and I am eager to love Begonia", "How can I make peaches and plums speak, and sleep with a new begonia?" The title of each volume revolves around "Haitang", which coincides with "green, fat, red and thin". At the same time, the style of writing is the same, and the cultural heritage of the whole work is added.

　　Second, classic poems appear frequently in film and television works in the form of lines. For example, in "Biography of the Harem Zhen Huan", Zhen Xuan explained the origin of his maiden name to Yongzheng when he participated in the draft, and quoted the words "a beautiful waist" in Cai Shen’s "A Prune of Plums" in the Northern Song Dynasty, which coincided with Zhen Xuan’s charming appearance and cool temperament. At the same time, he also used Cai Shen’s words and quality to express his personal feelings to Zhen Xuan’s father Zhen Yuandao in the play. In addition, the characters in the play are lined with corresponding poems, which are closely related to the characters’ personalities and fates. For example, Shen Meizhuang chanted "I would rather hold the incense on the branches and die, than ever blow it down in the north wind" (Zheng Sixiao’s "Cold Chrysanthemum"), and An Lingrong sang "Don’t cherish the golden gowns, and advise you to cherish your youth. When flowers bloom, they must be folded straight, so don’t wait until there are no flowers and empty branches "(Yuefu poem" Goldilocks "), and the king of Guojun lamented on the night of Tanabata that" when the golden wind and the jade dew meet, they will overcome countless people "(Qin Guan’s" Queqiao Fairy ").

　　The third is to take the allusions in the famous works as the core plot of the film and television drama. For example, the hit drama Joy of Life quoted the poem "Stay in Qing Yu" in A Dream of Red Mansions: "Stay in Qing Yu, stay in Qing Yu, and suddenly meet a benefactor; Lucky mother, lucky mother, accumulated yin gong. Don’t be like my cruel uncle and traitor who loves money and forgets flesh and blood! It is multiplication, division, addition and subtraction, and there is a sky on it! " Taking this as the plot of the drama, and then persuading people to uphold the idea of helping the poor and helping the poor, which is highly consistent with the theme of the drama. The diversified and flexible use of classic poetry in the film and television works adapted from online novels not only expands the communication path of traditional poetry, but also creates an immersive space field for the audience to understand the profound meaning of poetry, which is a novel and extensive way of communication.

　　Let the "textual research fever" continue to heat up

　　The popularity of film and television dramas on mass cultural consumption is relatively high, and excellent ancient costume works can become a powerful carrier of traditional cultural communication to some extent. The audience’s "textual research" on customs, costumes and etiquette in film and television dramas has given new narrative dimensions to the works with the theme of ancient costume to a certain extent, and also put forward higher and stricter requirements for the writing of online novels with the theme of ancient costume.

　　Many details in the drama The Longest Day In Chang’an have caused a heated discussion among netizens. The drama focuses on depicting the prosperous scene of the Tang Dynasty, from the costumes and hair accessories, to the furnishings of daily life, and then to the scene setting of the times, all of which are exquisite and exquisite. In the play, Li Bi, played by Jackson Yee, has attracted everyone’s attention because of his lotus-crowned hair style with hair pins inserted from back to front. The audience carried out in-depth textual research and exploration around the production time and identity symbol of "Meridian Hairpin" and "Maoyou Hairpin". To some extent, this also increases the appreciation dimension of TV series.

　　In addition, the "bad teacher" played by Lei Jiayin in the play wears the "round neck robe" and "six-in-one boots", and carries the accessories such as "tie rope", "arm shovel" and "smoke pill" with him, which truly reproduces the mixed style and characteristics of Hu and Han in the Tang Dynasty. In the play, women’s clothing accessories such as "flowers", "bun", "skirt" and "half-chest skirt" mostly echo the characters in famous paintings and poems. "One scoop of food and one drink" has become an important method to spread traditional culture.

　　Do you know whether it should be green, fat, red and thin? nirvana in fire and other film and television dramas also reproduce Chinese traditional manners and customs exquisitely. When women meet each other every day, they ask each other "make-up safety" and perform "Wan Fu Li"; Men bow down and bow their hands; When the younger generation says hello to their elders, they will "cross their hands". These courtesies are numerous and varied, and they are also used in exquisite occasions. There are concrete explanations and graphic descriptions in works such as Shuo Wen Jie Zi, Tokyo Meng Hua Lu and Han Xizai’s Night Banquet.

　　There are also studies and unique displays of traditional ingredients and pharmacology of traditional Chinese medicine in film and television dramas. For example, in Ruyi’s Royal Love in the Palace, the delicacies such as chicken soup with purple ginseng and snow, lotus root with bi Nuo, milk cake and dark fragrant soup are often mentioned, which are unique in color matching. Even when chopsticks are dropped, the instant when the chopsticks touch the "chopsticks pillow" is particularly attractive. These designs convey the charm of Chinese traditional culture to the audience and bring visual enjoyment. At the same time, the "homophonic" and "metaphor" of dish names have also become an important driving force for the development of drama plots.

　　Another example is the interpretation of the efficacy of Rhizoma Smilacis Glabrae, Herba Scorzonepetae, Folium Perillae and Herba Hedyotidis Diffusae in "legend of miyue", which better integrates Chinese traditional culture and Chinese medicine, makes film and television dramas more pyrotechnic, and opens the pace for online literature to land in real life.

　　It can be seen that the details of traditional folk customs in film and television dramas can better stimulate the audience’s viewing enthusiasm and psychological expectations. The upsurge of "textual research fever" reflects, to some extent, the desire and pursuit of cultural values by film and television consumption, and therefore film and television dramas have become more diverse and multidimensional, becoming an effective way to convey traditional culture.

　　Let the creative concept always walk on the right path

　　Under the background of media integration, the network provides more possibilities for the spread of literature, and network literature also has a broader spread space. In the process of film and television adaptation, online novels with the theme of ancient costume have more new ways to inherit and popularize Chinese traditional culture.

　　The "little knowledge" pop-up window of "Do you know whether it should be green, fat, red and thin" broadcast on the video website timely and accurately explains the "knowledge points" in the series, and the design of real-time barrage, mini-theater and other links is novel and flexible, opening up a new position for the arrival of traditional culture to "new and new mankind".

　　Weibo’s hot topic search, friends circle forwarding, promotion of post bars and related cultural activities on the client side have, to some extent, become new ways to spread traditional culture in film and television dramas. At the same time, the film and television drama adapted from online novels has gradually opened up the linkage with games and animation, realizing industrial integration, providing reference and experience for the cross-industry communication of film and television drama, and also providing the possibility for the cross-industry communication of "national style and Chinese rhyme".

　　As some scholars have said, the correlation patterns between the literary value and market value of contemporary literary works are more and more diverse. The arrival of "internet plus" and the era of media integration has brought more possibilities for the spread of literature, art and culture, but it has also brought more tests and challenges. Writers of online novels need to uphold a firm cultural stand and cultural self-confidence, and spread and re-create Chinese traditional culture by removing the rough and the essence, discarding the dross and taking the essence. They should not introduce some pseudoscience, feudal ideas and metaphysical superstitions into their creation, which will lead to the loss of their creative ideas. From online novels to film and television dramas, it belongs to "re-creation" and "re-creation". The value guidance and cultural atmosphere should not be a process of weakening, but a process of continuous improvement and strengthening, so that the value guidance is more in line with social value norms and the cultural atmosphere is fuller and more authentic.

　　Under the background of media integration, the film and television works adapted from online novels are more diverse in strategies and ways to spread traditional culture. The interaction of industries such as network, literature, film and television, games and animation will make new explorations for the future development of online literature and network culture. In the face of such a new situation, we need to be full of longing, but also need to be vigilant at all times.

　　(Author: Ouyang Yifei, a lecturer at the School of Art and Design of Changzhou Institute of Technology, Dr. college of nanjing normal university, this article is a research project of philosophy and social sciences in Jiangsu universities "‘ Internet plus & rsquo; Film and television major in colleges and universities in the times ‘ Double span ’ Research on talent training mode "phased results)