作者： admin

　　On 25th, "Chopsticks Brothers" responded to lip-synching at the National Music Festival: After going to America, they were under great pressure and didn’t sleep well. The safest thing to do was to ring.

　　Chopsticks brothers said, "Little Apple itself is a song that is sung while dancing. It is difficult to sing well under such a large amount of dance, and it will be out of breath. We are not full-time singers, and the version of Little Apple performed in AMA this time has greatly changed from our previous version. It was three minutes and thirty-one seconds before, and this time it was two and a half minutes, so I rearranged the choreography. This time, LADY GAGA’s choreographer was also very powerful, adding a lot of new moves to us. We had to work hard just to remember the dance steps, and we had to step off the stage to interact with each other. There were many positions on the stage. For those of us who didn’t have dance skills, after just two rehearsals, we were all at a loss and under great pressure. We didn’t fall asleep these days in the United States. The safest way to perform on such a big stage is to ring, and finally we chose this way. "

　　Original title: Chopsticks brothers admit to lip-synching in the United States: too much pressure, no bottom in my heart.

China Consumer News Xi ‘an News(Reporter)Xu wenzhiOn November 21 ST, the traffic on Renmin Road in Xianyang, an ancient city in the afternoon, was woven. Zhangfan, head of the People’s Road Resident Group of Qindu District Market Supervision Bureau in Xianyang City, suggested that the national platform 12315 should set a parameter for profit-making claims, and the number of complaints reported by each complainant on the same day should not exceed five.

"Under the influence of the’ demonstration’ of’ anti-counterfeiting bloggers’, some consumers imitate anti-counterfeiting; In addition, in some places, the principle of’ unclear consumer disputes are handled by the market supervision bureau’ is adopted in the handling and distribution of work orders on the 12345 platform. All these have promoted a substantial increase in the number of complaints. " Zhangfan said. It is understood that the number of complaints accepted by Zhangfan’s jurisdiction ranks first in Qindu District all the year round.

Baqiao District Market Supervision Bureau Xiwang Market Supervision Office, located in the junction of Xi ‘an suburbs, has not only received a rapid increase in the number of complaints, but also a variety of types. Wang Jiangning, director of the institute, called for strengthening the exchange of experience in consumer rights protection.

"According to the old version of food business license management, cold rice noodles are classified as snacks, and snacks are staple foods, which are equivalent to hot food processing. Under the management of the new food business license, the’ snacks’ item was cancelled. Whether the cold noodles belong to cold dishes or hot foods has become blurred. " On November 22, Wang Jiangning told reporters, "Some whistleblowers think that cold rice noodles belong to cold dishes, and there should be a special cold dish making room, which is inconsistent with the current actual situation and can easily lead to administrative reconsideration. I hope that relevant departments will give legal guidance, and local counterparts will strengthen exchanges of experience to better handle consumer complaints. "

In today’s fierce competition in the automobile market, consumers are often faced with the problem of choosing a car that suits them. In the compact car market, and have always been two models of concern. They not only have excellent sales, but also have a certain reputation and good cost performance. So, which of these two cars is more worth starting with? Next, we will compare the appearance, interior, space, power, configuration and safety, and give our suggestions.

Appearance:

From the appearance, both Volkswagen and Nissan Sylphy have simple and atmospheric design styles. Volkswagen LaVida adopts the Volkswagen family-style front face design, with smooth lines, which outline the sense of strength of the car body and give people a sense of stability and solidity as a whole. Nissan Sylphy pays more attention to streamline modeling, and the overall appearance is more dynamic. The designs of the two cars have their own characteristics. Whether it is the pursuit of stability and atmosphere, or the emphasis on fashion and dynamics, consumers can choose according to their own preferences.

Interior:

Entering the car, the interiors of Volkswagen LaVida and Nissan Sylphy are also different. The interior of Volkswagen LaVida is mainly simple and practical, and adopts a large area of straight line shape, which is relatively simple and generous as a whole. The interior of Nissan Sylphy pays more attention to details, and the materials used are relatively more elegant, forming a sense of advanced. The interior design styles of the two cars can be said to be different, and consumers can make choices according to their own pursuit of interior.

Space:

In compact cars, the size of the interior space plays a vital role in ride comfort. Both Volkswagen LaVida and Nissan Sylphy have performed quite well in this respect. Volkswagen LaVida has a spacious interior space, so both front and rear passengers can get a comfortable experience. Nissan Sylphy is even better in terms of space, especially the legroom of the rear passengers is more spacious and the ride feels better. If you pay attention to comfortable space, then Nissan Sylphy may be more suitable for you.

Power:

Power is one of the important indexes to measure the performance of a car. Volkswagen LaVida and Nissan Sylphy also have different performances in terms of power. Volkswagen LaVida is equipped with a 1.6L, which has a smooth power output and is suitable for daily commuting and family cars. While Nissan Sylphy provides more power options, with 1.6L and 1.8L to choose from, with stronger power and more rapid acceleration response. If you have high requirements for the dynamic performance of the car, then Nissan Sylphy may be more suitable for you.

Configuration:

In today’s automobile market, the emergence of various high-tech configurations is dazzling. Volkswagen LaVida and Nissan Sylphy also have certain differences in configuration. Volkswagen LaVida is relatively conservative in configuration, and the configuration provided is relatively simple, but it still has some basic comfort configurations. Nissan Sylphy pays more attention to the richness of configuration and provides a series of intelligent technology configurations, such as automatic parking and panoramic sunroof. If you have high requirements for the configuration of your car, then Nissan Sylphy may be more suitable for you.

Security:

For home users, the safety performance of cars is particularly important. Both Volkswagen LaVida and Nissan Sylphy have excellent performance in safety. They all adopt a series of active security configurations, such as, and so on. At the same time, they are also equipped with multiple, which provides all-round protection for passengers. In terms of safety performance, there is no obvious difference between the two cars.

After comprehensively comparing the appearance, interior, space, power, configuration and safety of Volkswagen LaVida and Nissan Sylphy, we can easily find that these two cars have their own advantages and characteristics. Volkswagen LaVida pays attention to simplicity and stability, which is suitable for consumers who pursue internal and external integration; Nissan Sylphy is more fashionable and dynamic, suitable for consumers who pursue individuality and taste. According to personal preferences and needs to choose, in order to find a more suitable model.

For car owners who already own these two cars, we recommend regular maintenance and maintenance of the vehicles to ensure their long-term good performance and service life. At the same time, according to the specific situation of the vehicle, choose the appropriate driving mode and route to avoid unnecessary faults and accidents during driving.

For consumers who are going to buy these two cars, we suggest that they should make a detailed understanding and comparison before buying a car, understand their own needs and budgets, and then make a choice according to personal preferences and actual conditions. At the same time, it is advisable to consult more senior car owners and auto experts and listen to their suggestions and experiences, so as to make more informed decisions.

After driving LaVida Volkswagen, and then driving Sylphy Nissan, which one is more worth starting depends entirely on personal preferences and needs. Consumers should compare rationally when buying a car and choose a model that suits them, so as to truly enjoy the pleasure and comfort of driving.

It has been calculated that an average of 2353 days in a woman’s life is menstrual period, which is equivalent to 7 years. If you use 3-4 sanitary napkins for daily use and 1 sanitary napkin for night use every day, according to the pricing of domestic brands, women spend 10,000 yuan more on sanitary napkins than men.

This figure spread evenly every month is not enough to attract too much attention, but for some women, it is a real "unspeakable".

The cause of the incident was that some netizens posted two screenshots, one was a "bulk sanitary napkin" of an online shop, and the price of 100 pieces was 21.99 yuan, which was far lower than the price of hardcover sanitary napkins on the market, while the other picture was asked by some netizens, "Do you dare to use such a cheap three-no product? Dare to buy it in private parts? " The two buyers replied that "life is difficult" and "I have difficulties".

The topic of "bulk sanitary napkins" quickly rushed to Weibo for hot search. Some netizens found out according to the screenshot of Weibo that the relevant qualification documents of bulk sanitary napkins came from Quanzhou Xianghe Sanitary Products Co., Ltd. Afterwards, the person in charge of the company told Litchi News that the bulk sanitary napkins sold in the online store were not produced by Xianghe, and the relevant documents were stolen. At present, the bulk sanitary napkins in the online store have been removed from the shelves.

However, the incident has not subsided. Some netizens said that although the bulk sanitary napkins were removed from the shelves, where should the poor women who can’t afford sanitary napkins go? Behind the controversy of "bulk sanitary napkins", the long-neglected issue of "menstrual poverty" is exposed in the public eye.

Who is buying and using "bulk sanitary napkins"?

"Bulk sanitary napkins" exist more in online shopping platforms. Searching for the keyword "bulk sanitary napkins" on an online shopping platform can find a large number of bulk sanitary napkins without corresponding labels such as outer packaging and shelf life. These bulk sanitary napkins vary in size, but most of them are sold in a package of 100 pieces, and the price fluctuates between 20 yuan and 25 yuan.

The original product link of the bulk sanitary napkins sold in the above-mentioned online store shows that the monthly sales volume of this bulk sanitary napkin is more than 300 pieces, and the baby evaluation is more than 800 pieces. Even after being exposed as unqualified, customers still buy it.

The monthly sales volume of a 100-piece bulk sanitary towel sold by another online shop is as high as nearly 1,000, with more than 5,700 comments from buyers. Among them, the number of favorable comments is close to 99%. Among these favorable comments, "high cost performance" and "large quantity discount" have become high-frequency keywords.

Ms. Guo, the person in charge of Quanzhou Xianghe Sanitary Products Co., Ltd., said that low-priced sanitary napkins are more popular in third-tier cities and rural remote areas. "Some women in their forties and fifties in rural areas will buy them because they think this is a big bag and cheaper than the brand sanitary napkins with few pieces and expensive prices on the market."

But obviously this can’t fully explain the huge turnover of bulk sanitary napkins on the online shopping platform-most rural middle-aged and elderly women are not the main force of online shopping, so where does a large amount of online turnover come from?

Under the topic of "How to treat bulk sanitary napkins" in Zhihu, a netizen named "Abu Bu" talked about his experience of buying bulk sanitary napkins when he was a student: "I can’t open the pot at home, I dare not ask my parents for money. I bought a sanitary napkin at the grocery store for 20 cents, and my mother bought a pack of 20 tablets for daily use for several months."

Another Zhihu netizen shared his special experience of contacting Sanwu bulk sanitary napkins: "In mid-June this year, my mother was diagnosed with uterine cancer, and her lower body was accompanied by irregular bleeding due to illness. The ureter was oppressed by the tumor and she could not control urination. She needed a lot of sanitary napkins every day. Knowing that her mother didn’t want to waste money on it, she tried to search and bought a lot of bulk sanitary napkins on Taobao." The netizen said that he only found it when he looked through his mobile phone after his mother died.

Some people in charge of online stores also said that behind the bulk sanitary napkins, there are not all tragic stories of women’s distress. September is the peak season for the sale of bulk sanitary napkins every year. Many students will buy bulk sanitary napkins for military training insoles. In addition, elderly people who can’t take care of themselves at home will also use bulk sanitary napkins as adult diapers.

"Bulk sanitary towel" is not completely equal to "three no products"

Many netizens question the safety of bulk sanitary napkins because of their poor packaging and low price. So, are bulk sanitary napkins necessarily equivalent to fake and inferior products?

The safety of sanitary napkins has always been concerned. From 2013 to 2014, domestic sanitary napkins experienced a period of low ebb, and quality problems were frequently exposed. In April 2013, Quanzhou police disclosed a major case of sanitary napkin fraud with a case value of 150 million yuan. In the same year, there was also a fake "Sophie" sanitary napkin with a hidden "grasshopper mummy" in Xiamen. In March, 2014, Consumer Report submitted 10 brands of sanitary napkins, including Hushubao, Sophie, ABC, kotex, Susan, etc. The test results showed that all the products submitted for inspection were detected with migratory fluorescent whitening agents.

The quality scandal once reduced the confidence of Chinese people in domestic sanitary napkins and turned to overseas brands. The data shows that although overseas sanitary napkin brands are more guaranteed in quality, many of their foundries are in China.

Ms. Guo told Litchi News that the quality control of domestic sanitary napkins has been very strict in recent years. "If there is a little mistake, you have to throw it away, but this does not mean that there is a quality problem." But she also admits that the quality of bulk sanitary napkins is not as stable as that of hardcover sanitary napkins.

Although Quanzhou Xianghe Sanitary Products Co., Ltd., where Ms. Guo is located, does not sell bulk sanitary napkins, Ms. Guo still believes that bulk sanitary napkins cannot be equated with "three no products". "The sanitary napkins were all in bulk when they were just produced, and then they were packaged by hand."

In Ms. Guo’s factory, employees sometimes "just take a plastic bag and walk away" from the bulk sanitary napkins that have just been produced on the production line and haven’t been packed in time. Although these sanitary napkins are in bulk, there is no difference in quality and packaged sanitary napkins, and the purchase price is closer to the cost price, which is economical and cost-effective. This special form of purchase is limited to factory employees and is regarded as an employee welfare.

Another situation similar to this situation is that some "tail orders" that cannot be sold in time can also flow into the market through dealers. For example, Ms. Guo said that if a customer places an order for 10,000 bags and matches 10,000 packaging bags, but the calculation in production is not so fine, and there are hundreds or thousands more pieces, such sanitary napkins often have no quality risk, but the packaging is simple and they are collected by some "missing" buyers.

This statement was also confirmed by Yang Peng (a pseudonym), the person in charge of an online shop. Yang Peng told Litchi News that in addition to buying bulk sanitary napkins from regular sanitary napkin manufacturers for sale, he would also take apart some brand sanitary napkins with defective packaging but no quality problems and sell them separately.

Manufacturer: The sanitary towel industry is not a profiteering industry, and its profit rate is less than 10%.

The topic of "bulk sanitary napkins" ignited the discussion of "whether sanitary napkins are expensive or not" among netizens. The online sanitary towel industry is a profiteering industry with a profit rate as high as 50%-70%, which Ms. Guo denied.

Ms. Guo told Litchi News that the bare material cost of sanitary napkins is really not high.A high-quality bare 245mm sanitary towel is about 25-30 cents, plus packaging costs, labor costs, transportation costs, machine depreciation costs, factory rent, etc. As far as manufacturers are concerned, the profit rate is less than 10%, which is not a profiteering industry rumored by the outside world.

So, which link has opened the gap between different grades of sanitary napkins? Ms. Guo said that in terms of production channels, the gap between different grades of sanitary napkins is reflected in the use of materials and processes, but the premium may be quite different when entering the sales and circulation stage.

Another sanitary towel manufacturer revealed to Litchi News that because the raw materials of sanitary napkins are the same as those of masks, this year, due to the epidemic situation, the demand for masks has led to a sharp rise in the price of raw materials, and the cost of sanitary napkins has pushed up, and the factory has almost failed to maintain.

Yang Peng had previously worked as an agent for a famous domestic brand sanitary napkin. He said that although the market price of the famous domestic brand sanitary napkin was higher than that of the small brand, the difference between the ex-factory price and the market price was not big, and the profit of the distributor hovered around 8%-15%.

Tan Feng (pseudonym) is a wholesaler of daily chemical products in a third-tier city in Sichuan. A few years ago, she also purchased a large number of brand-name sanitary napkins for wholesale, and the business was very good. In recent years, she found it difficult to find a market for brand-name sanitary napkins, and she turned to selling well-known domestic brands-although the profit was not high.

According to Tan Feng’s analysis, on the one hand, because people’s living standards have improved, they are more cautious in choosing personal hygiene products. On the other hand, due to the continuous impact of e-commerce, many online stores purchase goods directly from manufacturers, which greatly reduces the cost of circulation, and has more price advantages than traditional purchase channels like hers. Brand sanitary napkins purchased from supermarkets are often higher than those purchased from online stores.

She believes that both the previous brand-name sanitary napkins and the current bulk sanitary napkins have a considerable sales volume, "indicating that low-priced sanitary napkins have always had a good market."

Expert: Sanitary napkins can be used as poverty alleviation products, and improving the treatment of women is the fundamental solution to menstrual poverty.

In fact, whether it is expensive or not is a relatively personal question. The reason why the topic can cause great discussion is that menstrual products are a necessity for women’s life besides commodity attributes. It is a unique burden brought by women’s physiological structure and should not be taken for granted by women.

At present, China collects the same 13% value-added tax on menstrual products as most ordinary goods. Some netizens have combed and found that more and more countries have paid more attention to menstrual poverty and made changes.

For example, Canada, Australia and most States in the United States have taken the lead in realizing tax exemption. Germany only levies a tax rate of 7%, and after Brexit, Britain promised to implement a tax exemption policy for this product at the end of January 2021; Among the less developed countries, India, Kenya and Malaysia have already realized tax exemption for menstrual products.

In addition to tax reduction or even tax exemption, some countries have also given another solution: free provision.

On February 25, 2020, Scotland passed a bill, becoming the first country in the world to provide menstrual physiological products to women all over the country free of charge. In new york, USA, menstrual supplies are provided in public schools, prisons and shelters, and these supplies are placed in places where they can be easily accessed.

Should sanitary napkins be reduced in price? Hong Tao, a professor at Beijing Technology and Business University, believes that sanitary napkins have their particularity, but they are still general commodities in essence, and the pricing of sanitary napkins should be determined by the market, not the government. Government-priced products are mainly aimed at daily necessities or very tight or strategic products.

Since it is market pricing, there will be quality price difference, quality price difference and link price difference, and even time price difference or regional price difference. "The link price difference of sanitary napkin industry should be allowed, otherwise no one will do this industry. The appropriate link price difference should exist, but it should not be too large."

Regarding the concern about "menstrual poverty" in the form of tax reduction proposed by netizens, Hong Tao said that tax reduction may not solve the price problem, and sanitary napkins can be considered as poverty alleviation products."Under the background of tackling poverty and realizing a well-off society in an all-round way this year, it can be included in the product content of consumer poverty alleviation and directly provided to female consumers in poverty-stricken areas for free."

In addition, Hong Tao believes that if we want to emphasize the particularity of sanitary towel products, we can use guiding prices, such as determining the highest price to protect the interests of consumers and determining the lowest price to protect the interests of producers. ??

"Of course, it is best to make full use of the market as the basis for allocating resources. Hong Tao said that under the current background, the market of sanitary napkins should be liberalized, and the quality difference, quality difference, regional difference and time difference of sanitary napkin products should be advocated. The responsibility of government market supervision is to supervise and manage the quality, quality, competitive environment and business environment of sanitary napkin products, and not to interfere too much in the market. "When the conditions are met, we can adopt or learn from the low tax, zero tax or free provision in some other countries. "

"This involves not only economic issues, but also political and social issues. This is not only a question of reducing prices and taxes, but also improving the treatment of women. For example, better ensuring equal pay for equal work and improving women’s status are the fundamental ways to solve women’s menstrual poverty. " Hong Tao said.

　　Engine oil is the blood of the engine, which has the functions of lubrication, cooling, wear reduction, cleaning, sealing and rust prevention. A truly suitable engine oil for car engines can not only fully protect the engine, but also bring excellent driving experience and more economical fuel consumption performance.

　　How to choose the engine oil in the end? I believe many car owners don’t understand and are too lazy to think about it. When the car is being maintained, it will be handed over directly to the 4S shop. But is the engine oil in 4S shop really worth that much money? The more expensive the oil recommended by 4S shop, the better? After the warranty comes out in three to five years, will you still go to the 4S shop for maintenance?

　　Therefore, how to choose an engine oil that really suits your car should be what every car owner needs to know. If you want your car to stay with you for a longer time, you need 7 points for maintenance and 3 points for repair.

　　In this article, we introduce how to choose a really suitable engine oil from the perspective of popular science for engines with different car series, different displacements, different powers and even different car ages. When recommending more expensive engine oil in 4S shop, we have reason to refuse or indeed accept the engine better.

　　Many engine oil brands are marked with two important parameters in the most conspicuous place of the outer packaging: SAE engine oil viscosity standard and API engine oil grade standard. The former, such as 0W-40, 0W-30, 5W-40, 10W-60, etc., indicate the different viscosities of engine oil at low temperature and high temperature. The lower the number before "W", the better the low-temperature fluidity and the smoother the low-temperature cold start. The higher the number after "-",the higher the viscosity at high temperature, and the better the lubricity and sealing performance. At present, the widely used API grade of engine oil ranges from SL to SN PLUS, and the latest API grade has been developed to SP in 2020. From "SA" to "SP", with each increment of a letter, the performance of the engine oil will be better than the previous one, and there will be more additives in the engine oil to protect the engine. It can be clearly seen from the above table that the true meaning of oil viscosity.

　　0W is easy to understand. In the northern region where the temperature is very low, we can directly choose 0W or 5W engine oil, so we don’t have to worry too much. However, the kinematic viscosity of engine oil at 100℃ needs our careful choice. For most gasoline and diesel vehicles, when the engine water temperature reaches the normal 85-95℃, the engine oil temperature is in the range of 90-110℃, and it will not change greatly with the outside temperature. Therefore, the choice of 100℃ kinematic viscosity of engine oil only depends on the high-temperature viscosity requirements of engines of brand cars, regardless of the external environment temperature. To put it more bluntly, different engines should choose different engine oils with kinematic viscosity of 100℃, that is, the number after "-".

　　The higher this number, such as XW-405060′ s 100℃ high kinematic viscosity engine oil (hereinafter referred to as high viscosity engine oil), the greater the viscosity at high temperature, the thicker the oil film, the stronger the shear resistance, and the better the lubricity. The better the sealing between piston and cylinder wall, the better the dynamic response when driving at high speed. At the same time, it can also suppress the noise of the engine more effectively, but compared with waste oil. On the contrary, the smaller this number is, such as the 100℃ low kinematic viscosity engine oil of XW-3020168 (hereinafter referred to as "low viscosity engine oil"), it is easier to reach the normal working temperature at low temperature, and it is more fluid and fuel-efficient at high temperature. However, the oil film is easy to tear and lose its lubrication function when driving fiercely for a long time. A Japanese sports car owner used ordinary 20 low-viscosity engine oil to get off the track, which led to the engine size tile burning cylinder pulling to overhaul the engine. In addition, due to the relatively poor sealing performance of low-viscosity engine oil, the cylinder pressure couple releases pressure, which shows that when running at high speed, the engine speed rises but the speed does not rise, and the engine noise is relatively obvious. In order to solve these problems of low viscosity engine oil, it is often necessary to add more anti-wear and anti-wear additives, so the price is relatively expensive. This also reminds everyone that when choosing low viscosity engine oil, you must choose the engine oil of the regular big factory brand.

　　In addition, I have to say that the API standard can’t prove the quality of this oil. All oil manufacturers prepare their own oil according to API standards, and they can generally pass as long as they are willing to spend money to do bench tests in the United States. It’s like taking an exam. If you pass the exam with a score of 60 out of 100, you can get a "diploma". As long as it is not fake engine oil, engine oil meeting API SL, SM, SN, SN PLUS and SP levels will not cause damage to the engine, but it may not be suitable for your car. A really good engine oil, sometimes the API level is not high, let’s talk about it in detail below.

　　If the API standard in the United States is a passing line, then the ACEA standard in Europe is a good line with a score above 75. The European ACEA standard requires higher and more stringent quality of engine oil, which has stricter requirements for engine testing than API, such as adding a more stringent 150℃ HTHS high temperature shear test. Engine oil with API certification but no ACEA certification is not allowed to be sold in Europe.

　　For European cars, especially European turbocharged engines, there are strict requirements for the high temperature shear value of HTHS at 150℃, which needs to reach above 3.5. Different from the idea that Atkinson cycle and hybrid technology are widely used in Japan to improve the thermal efficiency, the European system prefers to use turbocharging to improve the thermal efficiency of the engine, which also passively improves the working temperature of the engine, so it requires higher HTHS values. The higher the HTSH value, the better the stability of the oil film at high temperature, and it is not easy to be torn, thus avoiding direct friction between metals (boundary friction).

　　ACEA contains the A/B/C/E standard, which represents the requirements of gasoline and diesel engines for engine oil. For most domestic gasoline engines, we only need to look at the A standard. As shown in the above figure, ACEA A3/B3, we only need to look at A3. The HTHS corresponding to A3 is above 3.5, which is suitable for most European turbocharged engines. Due to the increasingly stringent environmental protection requirements and the development trend of low viscosity engine oil, the highest A5 HTHS at present is between 2.9 and 3.5, and the SAE viscosity is roughly XW-20/30.

　　Write here and make a small summary. American API standards are universal. Just look at them, and don’t even use them as an important reference. If the API standard font on an oil bottle is particularly large and eye-catching, it means that it is hiding something. When choosing engine oil, you are advised to look at the European ACEA standard. The requirements of Japanese and American departments for HTHS are between 2.6 and 3.5, the corresponding ACEA standard is A5, the requirements of European departments for HTHS are above 3.5, and the corresponding AECA standard is A3.

　　If you want to know more about the ACEA 2016 standard, you can download the PDF document yourself:

　　https：//www.acea.be/news/article/acea-oil-sequences-2016-august-2018-update

　　However, remembering ACEA A5 and A3 is not enough.

　　ACEA engine oil standard has been very strict. If the engine oil that meets this standard can score 75 points, the engine oil that meets the engine oil standard issued by the main engine factory itself can get excellent results of more than 85 points. Therefore, oil manufacturers are actually very tired. They not only have to spend money to make API standards and sell them to most parts of the world, but also spend money to do ACEA tests and sell them to Europe. It will take more money and time if they want to get the certification from the OEM.

　　From the above picture, we can see three major certifications: European ACEA A3/B4; American API sn/sm; Main engine plants MB-Approval 229.5/229.3 (Mercedes-Benz certification), VW 502 00/505 00 (Volkswagen certification) and Porsche A40 (Porsche) certification. The engine oil certified by the main engine factory can be safely and boldly selected. Each OEM’s global official website has its own certified oil PDF document, which can be searched. The following one is from Mercedes-Benz:

　　https：//bevo.mercedes-benz.com/bevolistenmain.php？ navigation_path=bevolisten&language_id=0&blatt=229.5&content_action=show&mark=229.5&suchbegriff=229.5#close

　　So there are so many oils that meet the OEM certification, how should we choose? Read the instructions first! For example, the 2017 W213 Mercedes-Benz E-Class uses the M274 engine, and the instruction manual reads: Choose engine oil products that meet the MB229.5 standard. Under the premise of meeting this standard, we can choose different viscosity oils. For example, Mobil’s 0W-30 and 0W40 both meet this standard. If you want to save more fuel, you can choose 0W-30 engine oil, but low viscosity engine oil can’t suppress noise well, and the engine noise will increase. If you want quietness and dynamic response at high speed, you can choose 0W-40 engine oil, but you may use waste oil in your daily car. The main purpose of using the car is to travel in the city or to run long distances frequently. At this time, you need to think it over. For most family cars, I suggest that the thinner the SAE viscosity, the better, on the basis of meeting the engine oil standard.

　　In addition, many Volkswagen car owners asked if the oil products they bought were not certified by the public, but only the certification of Mercedes-Benz could be used. It can be definitely answered that except for super-running, the engine oil that meets the certification of Mercedes-Benz MB229.5 can be used in European cars, and the engine oil certification of Mercedes-Benz is the most stringent for European cars (except super-running). Why do you say that besides super-running? The engine speed of supercar or sports car is too high and the working environment is harsh. It is best to use the engine oil certified by supercar main engine factory. For example, Ferrari’s certified oil is Shell.

　　But I haven’t finished yet. The engine oil certified by the main engine factory can do the most comprehensive protection for the engine, but all-round development doesn’t mean all-round Excellence. We can also choose better engine oil according to our own demands for driving experience, quietness, fuel economy, cold start, and even playing off the track.

　　As mentioned at the beginning, API SN standard engine oil does not represent good engine oil. Because it can’t represent all the characteristics and parameters of engine oil, even if they are all called synthetic engine oil, their performances are very different with different base oils. Poly (α-olefin) synthetic oil (PAO for short) is produced into high-purity base oil by natural gas hydrogenation polymerization. It has good low-temperature fluidity and oxidation resistance, and is an ideal base oil for preparing high-grade and special lubricating oil.

　　However, the API grade of engine oil with high PAO content is not high. This is why, as mentioned at the beginning, API SN grade engine oil is not the best engine oil. For example, the domestic Mobil FS 0W-30 API is SL, and the top technology of Limo engine oil flagship product, 0W-30 API, is SM. In fact, API SN and SN PLUS grades mainly improve the requirements of environmental protection and low-speed early combustion of engine oil, and have little to do with lubricity.

　　Besides PAO base oil, there are Ester oil base oils. Ester base oils have excellent lubricity, especially whale ester, lard modified oil, etc., but their low-temperature fluidity is poor and they are easy to be oxidized. At the same time, in view of animal protection and cost, the current ester base oils are all artificially synthesized. Ester base oil can be used as an additive of PAO base oil to improve its lubrication performance. Pure ester oil, such as NUTEC in Japan, is a favorite product of many street car racing enthusiasts.

　　As we all know, there are mineral oil, semi-synthetic oil and fully synthetic oil, and the replacement mileage is 5000 km, 7500 km and 10000 km respectively, but the replacement mileage is not fixed according to different car scenes. If you often run high-speed, the whole synthetic engine oil can be extended to 15,000 kilometers for oil change. If there are frequent traffic jams or ethanol gasoline is used, it is best to change it every 8,500 kilometers in synthetic engine oil.

　　Why do you need to change the oil in advance when using ethanol gasoline? Let’s talk about the various parameters of engine oil. These parameters can be found on various engine oil brands official website, and even some conscientious Taobao and JD.COM online stores will post various parameters of engine oil for deep engine oil players to choose from.

　　Total base number (TBN)

　　The higher the total base number, the stronger the acid resistance of engine oil. Engines are made of metal, both aluminum and steel are alkaline in chemical elements, so they are afraid of acid corrosion. The higher the base number of engine oil, it can neutralize the acidic substances after gasoline combustion, especially ethanol gasoline.

　　40℃ viscosity

　　The lower the value, the easier it is for the engine to start.

　　100℃ viscosity

　　The higher the value, the thicker the oil film, better protection, better sealing, better noise suppression, but more waste oil. The lower the numerical value, the better the fluidity, the thinner the oil film, the relatively poor sealing performance, the relatively poor noise suppression and more fuel saving. Different engines have different requirements for 100℃ viscosity, too low will lead to the valve timing system can not be driven because of insufficient oil pressure.

　　pour point

　　The lowest temperature at which the oil can flow, the lower the value, the better, and the easier the cold start.

　　cloud point

　　At low temperature, the oil precipitates waxy turbidity, and the lower the temperature, the less turbidity the better, which proves that the PAO content of the oil is higher.

　　flash(ing) point

　　The higher the temperature at which the engine oil is ignited, the better. The higher the temperature, the less likely it is for the engine to knock. At the same time, the less oil is consumed (burning oil).

　　Evaporation loss

　　The smaller the evaporation loss, the less oil vapor and carbon deposition in the mixture.

　　Hths shear value at 150℃

　　Because of different models, there is no difference between good and bad. European cars generally require more than 3.5, while Japanese cars, American cars and Korean cars require more than 2.6. The higher the value, the more stable the high-temperature oil film and the better the lubrication performance.

　　The above table is the data of an original engine oil tested by Third International. When we choose engine oil, if we want to find an engine oil that is really suitable for car engines, the above parameter data needs to be well studied.

　　Speaking of which, I’ll make a summary of the first paragraph of the article. Is the oil recommended by 4S shop or repair shop really worth the price? You need to have a deeper understanding of engine oil to judge, and it has been made clear from what aspects you know about engine oil. For example, the ordinary engine oil in Mercedes-Benz 4S shop is fully synthetic.Yin Mobil no.1Or brand 5W-40 such as Petronas, it is no problem to maintain the car. But the AMG engine oil recommended by the store is fully synthetic.Jin Mobil 1 0W-40, various parameters are more biased.European version of Jin Mobil No.1Although the price is more than 300 yuan, it is really better for the engine, which is worthy of trust and money for purchase.

　　Finally, I collected some netizens’ oil problems as a summary of this article.

　　How to choose engine oil for different cars?

　　For Japanese cars, the engine work is precise, the tolerance value of thermal expansion and contraction is small, and the working temperature of Japanese engines is generally low, so it is basically recommended to use 0W-20 viscosity engine oil. In Japan, even 0W-8 engine oil has been used, which is as thin as water at room temperature. However, for some Japanese performance cars, it is recommended to use oil with higher viscosity. In addition, with the increasingly stringent global environmental protection requirements, low viscosity engine oil has become the future development trend. Mercedes-Benz’s latest MB229.71 oil standard can already use 0W-20 oil, but the engine meeting MB229.71 oil standard is still being tested.

　　American is Korean, and engine oil with viscosity of 0W-30 is basically selected.

　　At present, the majority of German engine oils are mainly 0W-40 engine oils and some 0W-30 engine oils with HTHS>3.5. In this respect, Audi has been at the forefront, and the specifications of some Audi models indicate that 0W-20 engine oil can be used.

　　Is 5W-40 an essential oil?

　　Yes. As long as it is real engine oil, 10W-60 mineral oil can’t break the engine, but choose a more suitable engine oil according to the car system. There is really no way. For example, if you run out of engine oil halfway and can’t find the right engine oil, you can use 5W-40 to temporarily solve the problem.

　　What kind of oil does the small displacement turbocharged engine choose?

　　Small displacement turbocharged engines are most prone to low-speed pre-combustion, that is, knocking. We should choose the engine oil that can inhibit low-speed pre-ignition, that is, API SN PLUS, and add gasoline that meets the label according to the requirements of the vehicle.

　　Power Magic stunt DX1 engine oil vapor can increase the ignition point of the mixture, thus reducing the knock probability.

　　What kind of oil do you choose for different car ages?

　　New cars can choose low-viscosity engine oil that meets the manufacturer’s certification or meets the manufacturer’s requirements for engine oil, that is, 100℃ viscosity and HTHS value. More fuel-efficient, but also more conducive to engine hot running.

　　The old car depends on the condition of the car. If the burning oil is obvious, try 10W-60 high viscosity engine oil. If there is no improvement, the engine can only be repaired.

　　Can different engine oil brands be mixed?

　　It is not recommended to mix different engine oil brands. Different additive formulations may lead to chemical reactions and reduce engine oil performance. Engine oils of the same brand can be mixed conservatively. For example, according to official confirmation of Mobil, different products of the same brand can be mixed. NUTEC grease engine oil in Japan even advocates consumers to buy oils with different viscosities and configure the required viscosities themselves.

　　How to distinguish between true and false engine oil, and what should I do if I buy fake engine oil?

　　Tmall, JD.COM official flagship store to buy engine oil, global purchase can buy imported engine oil, major engine oil manufacturers offline maintenance stores, there will be no fake. Personally, I prefer to buy imported engine oil online, but I must look at the reputation and evaluation of the store. The place where fake engine oil is most likely to appear is a small repair shop, so be careful. The above picture shows the European version of Jin Mobil No.1 FS 0W-40, with viscosity of 12.9 at 100℃ and HTHS 3.6 at 150℃, which is less viscous and more fuel-efficient than the engine oil provided by 4S shop, and has the certification of the main engine factory.

　　In case of buying fake engine oil, there will be obvious sludge on the dipstick, and black sludge can be seen at the engine oil port. At this time, change the oil quickly, replace the Burns oil with strong cleaning ability, drive for 1000 kilometers and then change it, and repeat it for 4 times to see the effect. Never add professional cleaning oil or cleaning products for the first oil change, it is easy to clean large pieces of sludge and block the oil passage, so that the engine can not be lubricated and the shaft is burned.

　　Can oil additives be added?

　　After the engine oil is finished, we will talk about the advantages and disadvantages of adding engine oil additives in the next article. Stay tuned.