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In the first half of 2020, the Internet and related service industries showed a gradual development trend, business income and R&D investment resumed double-digit growth, and profits maintained positive growth; Internet companies in different fields are showing a trend of differentiation.

I. Overall operation

Internet business revenue grew rapidly. In the first half of the year, China’s Internet and related service enterprises above designated size (referred to as Internet enterprises) completed business income of 590.7 billion yuan, up 14.1% year-on-year, and the growth rate was 12.6 percentage points higher than that in the first quarter, still lower than that in the same period of last year by 3.8 percentage points.

Figure 1 Internet business revenue growth from January to June in 2019-2020

Industry profits maintained positive growth. In the first half of the year, the whole industry achieved a total operating profit of 52.16 billion yuan, up 2.8% year-on-year, reversing the sharp decline in the first quarter, but it was 19.9 percentage points lower than the same period last year and 11.3 percentage points lower than the revenue growth rate in the same period.

R&D investment continued to increase. In the first half of the year, the whole industry completed R&D expenditure of 31.34 billion yuan, up 10.7% year-on-year, and the growth rate was 10.7 percentage points higher than that in the first quarter, still lower than that in the same period last year.

II. Sub-business and regional operation

The income from information services grew rapidly, and the growth of audio and video services was outstanding. In the first half of the year, Internet companies completed information services (including online music and video, online games, news information, online reading, etc.) with a revenue of 357.7 billion yuan, up 16.3% year-on-year, and the growth rate was 5.2 percentage points higher than that in the first quarter, accounting for 60.6% of the Internet business revenue.

Internet platform service revenue accelerated, and online education and e-commerce platform enterprises led the development. In the first half of the year, Internet platform service enterprises (mainly providing production service platforms, life service platforms, scientific and technological innovation platforms, public service platforms, etc.) realized business income of 172.8 billion yuan, up 13.6% year-on-year, reversing the decline in the first quarter, and the growth rate rebounded by 8.7 percentage points from January to May, accounting for 29.3% of Internet business income.

Internet access service revenue declined, and Internet data services grew rapidly. In the first half of the year, the income of Internet companies from Internet access and related services was 21.27 billion yuan, down 5.8% year-on-year; The revenue from completing Internet data services (including cloud services and big data services) was 8.76 billion yuan, up 14.3% year-on-year, and the growth rate was 5.4 percentage points higher than that in the first quarter.

The growth of Internet business income in the central region is outstanding, and the northeast region continues to decline. In the first half of the year, the income from Internet business in the eastern region was 503.8 billion yuan, up by 15.7% year-on-year, accounting for 91.5% of the national income from Internet business (excluding cross-regional enterprises). The income from Internet business in the central region was 22.67 billion yuan, up 26% year-on-year, 11.9 percentage points higher than the national average. The income from Internet business in the western region was 22.02 billion yuan, up 12% year-on-year, 2.1 percentage points lower than the national average. The revenue from Internet business in Northeast China was 1.95 billion yuan, down 4.8% year-on-year.

Major provinces have achieved rapid growth, and some provinces have outstanding growth. In the first half of the year, Beijing (up by 27.7%), Guangdong (up by 0.7%), Shanghai (up by 21.7%), Zhejiang (up by 24.8%) and Jiangsu (up by 35.5%), the top five Internet businesses, achieved a total revenue of 482 billion yuan, accounting for 81.6% of the national total (excluding cross-regional enterprises), among which There are 21 provinces in China where the growth rate of Internet business income has achieved positive growth, among which Ningxia, Hubei, Chongqing and Tianjin provinces have increased by more than 50%, while Inner Mongolia, Xinjiang, Gansu, Heilongjiang and Liaoning provinces still have a large decline.

Third, the growth of the number of mobile applications (APPs) in China

The number of mobile applications (apps) has steadily increased. By the end of June 2020, the number of apps monitored in China’s domestic market was 3.59 million, a decrease of 10,000 from the end of May and a decrease of 0.3% from the previous month. Among them, there are 2.12 million APPs in local third-party app stores and 1.47 million apps in Apple Store (China). In May, there were 100,000 new apps on the shelves and 110,000 apps off the shelves.

The number of game applications remains ahead. By the end of June, the number of apps in the top four categories of mobile applications accounted for 58.6%, and other 10 categories of apps such as social communication and education accounted for 41.4%. Among them, the number of game apps continued to lead, reaching 925,000, accounting for 25.8% of all apps, an increase of 26,000 from the previous month. The number of apps for daily tools, e-commerce and life services reached 508,000, 365,000 and 305,000 respectively, ranking second to fourth in the scale of mobile applications, accounting for 14.1%, 10.2% and 8.5% of all apps respectively.

The total distribution of music and video applications ranked first. By the end of June, the total distribution of on-shelf applications in China’s third-party application stores reached 1,336.3 billion times. Among them, music and video downloads ranked first, with 181 billion downloads, an increase of 6.6% from the previous month; Game downloads ranked second, with 172.2 billion downloads, an increase of 7.3% from the previous month; Daily tools, social communication, system tools and life services ranked 3rd-6th with 155.5 billion times, 154.3 billion times, 121.9 billion times and 120.4 billion times respectively. Among other types of applications, applications that have been downloaded more than 50 billion times include news reading (108.8 billion times), e-commerce (86.9 billion times), finance (77.6 billion times), photography (51.5 billion times) and education (51.4 billion times).

Note:

1. In order to reflect the market dynamics of mobile applications more accurately, the monitoring data is changed from "cumulative strategy (that is, statistical data is cumulative calculation)" to "on-shelf strategy (that is, statistical data is only for on-shelf applications, excluding off-shelf applications)".

2. Referring to the classification of APP stores in the market, we divide mobile app into 14 categories: games, daily tools, e-commerce, life services, social communication, education, theme wallpaper, news reading, sports health, system tools, music videos, finance, photo photography and others.

At the 2024 Beijing Auto Show, BYD made its debut in two new Ocean Net cars, namely Seal 06 DM-i and Sea Lion 07EV.

Seal 06 DM-i is the third model named after "Seal". The first two models are Seal EV and Seal DM-i respectively. It seems that BYD intends to develop Seal into a product sequence, and Seal 06 DM-i will become the entry model of this sequence after its launch, which can be understood as the twin model of Qin L.

However, the appearance of Seal 06 DM-i is obviously different from other seal models. The design of the whole front face does not show the so-called family design, especially the C-shaped headlights are not used. On the contrary, the tail slip line and the through taillight shape have the commonality of the seal family. As far as this model is concerned, Yan value should be able to satisfy the aesthetics of the corresponding user group, and it is younger and more sporty than Qin L in temperament.

The interior of Seal 06 DM-i has obvious family style, but the dashboard is suspended rather than embedded, and the outline of the key module where the shift lever is located is round rather than square.

In terms of space, the body length, width and height of Seal 06 DM-i are 4830/1875/1495mm and the wheelbase is 2790mm respectively. Although it is smaller than Seal EV or Seal DM-i in size, it basically enters the range of medium-sized cars.

In terms of power, Seal 06 DM-i may be equipped with BYD’s new generation DM-i technology like Qin L, and its fuel consumption and comprehensive endurance will be improved obviously. According to the information disclosed so far, it provides two pure electric endurance versions of 60km and 90km, from which it can be seen that the positioning of Seal 06 DM-i is really getting started.

Another new car is Sea Lion 07 EV. As a brand-new sequence of Ocean Net, it is positioned as a medium-sized SUV, which can be regarded as the twin model of Song L.

Sea lion 07 EV continues the concept of Ocean X concept car in design, and is similar to Seal EV. Although it is positioned as an SUV, it seems that it only forcibly increases the suspension stroke to support the car. From the side, it can be seen that its posture is very low, the tail is very cross-border, and it is even decorated with a large diffuser. As long as the height of the car is reduced, it is a hatchback performance EV. Its body size is 4830/1925/1620mm and the wheelbase is 2930mm, which is very consistent with Song L.

The layout and design of the interior are very similar to those of Seal EV, so I won’t introduce them here. In terms of configuration, Haishi 07 EV is particularly worth mentioning the L2+ high-order intelligent assisted driving system, which has many driving functions, such as lane keeping, lane guidance, changing lanes by shifting levers, traffic sign recognition, intelligent speed limit, etc., but it does not yet have the ability of high-speed or urban NOA.

In terms of power, Sea Lion 07 EV offers two versions of two-wheel drive and four-wheel drive, of which the two-wheel drive is divided into two outputs: 170kW and 230kW, while the comprehensive output of the four-wheel drive version is 390kW.

BYD adopts Chehai tactics, occupying every market segment by constantly introducing new models, and finally achieving far-ahead sales volume and market share. The model design of Haiyang.com is generally younger and more sporty, corresponding to younger consumers. With the face value of these two models, I believe it can really attract many users after listing.

On April 26th, 2024, Dongfeng Warrior Technology presented its first new energy all-terrain extreme off-road concept car in China-Warrior M-HUNTER, a luxury electric off-road vehicle with global mobility-Warrior 917 Dragon Armor, and a long-wearing weapon specially tailored for heavy off-road enthusiasts-Warrior 917 Highland Lion at the 18th beijing international automotive exhibition, demonstrating the strategic ambition of Dongfeng Warrior Technology to keep forging ahead with the luxury electric off-road track.

Among them, the Warrior M-HUNTER was launched in the world, with a pre-sale price of 3.68 million yuan, making it the most expensive off-road vehicle in China. The Warrior M-HUNTER hunter has recruited 33 angel partners in a limited number for the whole world. From now on, you can sign up for co-creation by logging in to the exclusive page of Warrior Technology APP.

In addition, the Warrior 917 has been re-evolved, and two new car colors, Sapu Blue and Daguyin, have been added. The OTA of the whole vehicle has been heavily upgraded, bringing a new cockpit HMI experience. At the same time, the spare tire bracket, rear trailer hook, a new generation of roof platform, and the electric suction door of the whole vehicle have also been opened to all users. From now on, users can log in to the Warrior Technology APP for optional installation.

At this auto show, Dongfeng Warrior Technology and Bona Film announced a strategic cooperation and launched the first joint model-Warrior 917 Dragon Armor. Yu Dong, founder and chairman of Bona Film, officially announced the film "Dragon Action" at the Warriors booth, and unveiled the Warriors 917 Dragon Armor together with You Zheng, member of the Standing Committee of the Party Committee of Dongfeng Motor Group Co., Ltd.. At the same time, Jiang Luxia and Gogo, the film’s main creative actors, came to the scene to witness the highlight moment of the cooperation between Brave Man and Bona.

Warrior X Bona joined forces, and Warrior 917 Dragon Armor debuted on the big screen.

Join forces and shine together. Warriors and Bona Film formally reached a strategic cooperation, setting off a new wave of cross-border cooperation.

"Every era has a pioneer warrior in every era. Dongfeng Warrior Technology dares to fight for the first place and be the only one with the warrior spirit of’ fearless conquest’ and become the pioneer force for the upward rise of China automobile." You Zheng said, "Bona Film is a pioneer in China’s film culture industry. Through the film, the world has seen the confidence of China culture. It can be said that the strategic cooperation between Dongfeng Warrior Technology and Bona Film stems from our common pioneer spirit, and this cooperation will also become a new model for cross-border cooperation between China Auto and China Film."

Yu Dong said: "The times need warriors, and Operation Dragon once again shows the bravery and loyalty of China soldiers. The warrior 917 Dragon Armor has the innate military vehicle genes and strong off-road performance, which is highly compatible with the movie style of Operation Dragon and the temperament of special teams. In our crew, the Warrior 917 Xiaolong Armor is a well-deserved big star. "

As a global mobile luxury electric off-road vehicle for deep off-road users and professional players, Warrior 917 Dragon Armor follows the design of Warrior Family, and the unique design creativity of Dragon Armor is formed by the combination of military style and loong elements. Desert storm yellow military painting, with silver against the color, high-grade feeling full; The majestic straight waterfall net layout, the powerful bionic modeling of dragon teeth, and the majestic Long Lin-style hood ventilation hood will make the front face full of combat value and break through the wind. Fully enclosed rotor forged wheel hub, drawing lessons from military vehicle design, with front and rear wide-body wheel eyebrows, just like a dragon going out to sea, breaking the waves.

Warrior 917 Dragon Armor is made of expensive aviation-grade forged carbon fiber, which is used in front and rear metal bumper, front cover, roof expansion platform and other places to make the body lighter and stronger.

In addition to the cool design, the Warrior 917 Dragon Armor is also equipped with many intimate off-road equipment. Carbon fiber side hanging storage box, C window extension hanging plate, retractable branch separator, etc., so that field exploration and city shuttle can be switched at will; Roof expansion platform, integrating front lighting, profile lighting, camp lighting, and a second-changing mobile lighthouse for field exploration; Multifunctional spare tire rack, also integrated with high brake light, cool and practical. Warrior 917 Dragon Armor is not only a cross-country weapon, but also a unique landscape in a bustling city.

The strength of the warrior 917 Xiaolong armor "circled powder", which made the two main creative actors full of praise. Jiang Luxia, an actor, said, "I fell in love with the Warrior 917 Dragon Armor at first sight. It can be said that TA is the dream car that every cool girl wants to own. Warrior 917 is like a moving fortress, especially the parking security system, which makes me appreciate the power of black technology. "

Actor Gao Ge said: "In the filming process, the warrior 917 I was driving had a high turn-back rate. TA fought side by side with me and accomplished many impossible tasks, and there was no place where TA couldn’t go. He was my proper’ hardcore comrade-in-arms’".

At the press conference, Yu Dong ordered a Warrior 917 Dragon Armor on the spot, becoming the first owner of Warrior 917 Dragon Armor, demonstrating the high recognition of Warrior brand.

Warrior M-HUNTER hunters pierce the cross-country ceiling in China.

M-HUNTER, a warrior hunter, created many firsts in the luxury cross-country track. It is the first off-road vehicle with wheel torque exceeding 20000N·m in China, the first off-road vehicle with all-carbon fiber body in China, the first tube beam vehicle built in China based on M TECH, the intelligent off-road architecture of Warrior, and the first extreme performance vehicle in China with military vehicle-class centralized inflation and deflation system. Warrior M-HUNTER has filled the technical gap of China’s top off-road performance vehicles with strong strength.

Cao Dongjie, general manager of Dongfeng Warrior Automotive Technology Co., Ltd. said: "Warrior M-HUNTER is an exciting car, from the wilderness to the mountains, from the desert to the wilderness, conquering the whole region and marching forward! It is a’ heart hunting’ and’ wild hunting’ car, which not only captures the long-hidden passion in the heart, but also experiences the joy of extreme off-road. In the new era, we need such a super-burning chariot to ignite fighting spirit, ignite dreams and ignite passion. "

Warrior M-HUNTER hunters will give users the courage to forge ahead with the ultimate performance. It is equipped with 37-inch ultra-large extreme off-road tires and chassis lifting technology from military vehicles, with a minimum ground clearance of 425mm, which can easily cope with various complex road conditions and conquer various unknown challenges; The application of racing-class nitrogen shock absorption system allows the warrior M-HUNTER hunter to still give the vehicle lasting and tough support under extreme road conditions; The detachable outdoor door panel helps the vehicle to open the road along the mountain and bridge the bridge when it meets the water, and easily cope with various complex terrain challenges; The whole body is made of aviation-grade advanced carbon fiber, which makes the body lighter and provides greater stability and safety during extreme driving. Whether it’s rock climbing in Shilin, dredging sand in the desert, speeding in Gobi and conquering canyons, the warrior M-HUNTER hunters can walk on the ground, showing the true super warrior style.

High-energy technology configuration, free and unbounded, unrestrained and interesting. Warrior M-HUNTER hunters are equipped with hand platforms, detachable central control panels, electronic exterior rearview mirrors, satellite phones, offline maps, etc., making off-road fun and safe. No matter where you are, users can keep in touch with the outside world through the satellite electricity equipped by the warrior M-HUNTER hunter. The offline map function can maintain the accuracy of navigation without network signals and provide reliable route guidance for drivers. In addition, the warrior M-HUNTER hunter is also equipped with a detachable central control panel, an electronic exterior rearview mirror and a hand desk function, which makes off-road fun and safe.

Warrior 917 highland lion opens a new life of exquisite luxury off-road

Customizable is really luxurious. Dongfeng Warrior Technology provides users with high-end customized services of "one car, one price, one person, one car", creating the era of "one car, thousands of faces" for off-road vehicles in China.

Wang Jiong, deputy general manager and chief brand officer of Dongfeng Warrior Automotive Technology Co., Ltd. said: "Dongfeng Warrior Technology has always adhered to the user-centered, starting from the individual needs of users, and continues to deepen the high-end customization and modification ecology. Following the launch of three specific scene official reform suits, namely, Wilderness City, Desert Falcon and Weekend Warrior, Dongfeng Warrior Technology has tailored a long-wearing weapon for heavy off-road enthusiasts-the Warrior 917′ Highland Lion’ official reform suit. "

Military vehicle safety protection, hard-core off-road, heaven and earth rampage. Whether climbing rocks or crossing ditches and hurdles on cross-country road, it is inevitable to drag the bottom, which makes the vehicle more vulnerable to damage. Therefore, the Warriors 917 Highland Lion is equipped with armored high-strength aluminum-magnesium alloy front and rear bumpers, with a thickness of 5mm, which has better strength and durability; In order to cope with the harsh unpaved road conditions, the 8MM aluminum-magnesium alloy of Warrior 917 Highland Lion strengthened the bottom guard plate, which brought "special protection" to military vehicles. The Warrior 917 Highland Lion is equipped with a rear spare tire bracket, which is fixed on the car body girder, which not only avoids damaging the tailgate, but also meets the needs of external full-size spare tire. At the same time, it adopts the linkage design with the tailgate to open the door in one step; In order to further improve off-road performance, Highland Lion is equipped with industry-leading nitrogen shock absorption, which can still give the vehicle lasting and tough support under extreme road conditions.

Cross-country, not only to experience the fun of conquest, but also to enjoy the wonderful life. A new generation of roof platform, with a maximum load of 150kg, can load bicycles, kayaks, roof tents, etc., and easily unlock outdoor games such as mountain riding, drifting against the stream, car camping, etc., making outdoor travel more exciting; Even for high-level outdoor players, the Warrior 917 Highland Lion can still meet the use requirements. The maximum traction of the multifunctional rear trailer hook is 2.5 tons, and it can tow RV, motorcycle, Luya boat, etc. Whether it is family residence, friends gathering or Luya fishing, you can switch at will and enjoy a luxurious and exquisite life.

Dongfeng Warriors attacked again with three heavy models, demonstrating the determination of the Warriors to pursue high quality, innovation and progress. In the future journey, Dongfeng Warrior Technology will continue to bring users the ultimate oriental luxury off-road experience and take China luxury off-road vehicles to a new height.

In terms of appearance, the new Mazda 3 Angkeira has not changed much compared with the old one. In the front part, the new car adopts a large-size blackened air intake grille with shield shape, and the periphery is outlined with chrome trim strips, and the center is decorated with chrome trim strips. The interior of the grille adopts a honeycomb design, which looks very dynamic. The headlights on both sides of the front of the car are very full in shape, and the belt is used inside, so the visual effect after lighting is very good. The raised lines on the hood are full of muscle. The fog light area on both sides of the front enclosure is large in size, and the interior is decorated with black mesh. The whole front face looks very fashionable and dynamic! .

The interior of the new car still has a certain family style. The colors of black and brown are quite natural. The size of the center console is relatively wide, the floating central control panel is quite wide, and the three-piece style is also relatively full and slightly inclined at a certain angle. Some details in the car are also decorated with brushed silver trim strips to enhance the texture, one-button start, automatic parking, one-button start, bose audio, body stability system, parallel auxiliary, blind spot monitoring, and so on.

The length, width and height are 4662×1797×1445mm respectively, and the wheelbase has reached 2726mm, ranking 14th in the same class. The interior space of the car is relatively spacious at the same level, the height and width of the car are ideal, and the legroom in the back row will not feel cramped, which belongs to the upper-middle level at the same level. The design of skylight also increases the subjective space feeling of front and rear passengers. Among the models of the same price and class, the trunk volume of Mazda 3 Angkeira ranks 29th. The space is relatively regular, without obvious protrusions, and the overall loading capacity is good.

Mazda 3 Angkor Sela 2.0L automatic premium edition uses a 2.0 engine, with a maximum horsepower of 158 and a peak torque of 202, matching the automatic manual transmission (AT). It will definitely bring unforgettable control charm. Ranked fifth among the 80,000-120,000 compact car models.

Mazda 3 Angkeira has complete active/passive safety configuration, includingAutomatic parking、Zero tire pressure endurance tire、Automatic parking、Steep slope descent、hill start assist control、knee airbag、HUD head-up display、Anti-lock braking (ABS)、Braking force distribution (EBD/CBC, etc.)、Brake assist (EBA/BAS, etc.)、Traction control (ASR/TCS, etc.)、Active noise reduction、Engine start and stop、Side safety air curtain、Wireless charging of mobile phone、night vision system、LED daytime running lights、Forward reversing radar、Tire pressure monitoring、Steering wheel heating、Body stability control (ESP/DSC, etc.)、Rear reversing radar、Fatigue reminder、Remote parking、Child seat interface、Lane keeping (LKAS)Equal configuration.

Among them,Automatic parkingYou can avoid stepping on the brakes for a long time or needing to pull frequently;Steep slope descentCan safely pass through steep slope road conditions at low speed;knee airbagReduce the injury of the car interior to the occupant’s knees in the secondary collision.

If the above data, participation, etc. can’t fully understand Mazda 3 Angkeira, then we can give you a more comprehensive reference based on the word-of-mouth information of users who have purchased Mazda 3 Angkeira in history. It can be seen that what everyone is most satisfied with Mazda 3 Angkeira is its good sound. In addition, its high value and broad vision are also the points that everyone likes it.

　　Israeli Defense Minister Ganz said on August 30th that Israel will provide 500 million new shekels (about 155 million US dollars) in loans to Palestine.

　　On the 30th, Ganz revealed to the Israeli media that during his talks with Palestinian President Yasser Abbas on the 29th, he promised that Israel would take a series of "goodwill gestures", including providing loans to the Palestinians and approving 16,000 Palestinians to work in Israel.

　　Ganz said that the purpose of his talks with Abbas was to build mutual trust in the absence of a peace agreement between the two sides.

　　According to a statement issued by the Israeli Defense Minister’s Office in the early hours of the 30th, Ganz and Abbas held two rounds of talks in Ramallah, during which the two sides discussed the "security, social and economic situation" in the West Bank and the Gaza. The statement quoted Ganz as saying that "Israel is prepared to take a series of measures to promote the Palestinian economy".

　　In July this year, the Israeli security cabinet decided to freeze the transfer of 597 million new shekels (about 183 million US dollars) to Palestine to collect taxes. This "punishment" measure used by Israel has caused the Palestinian side to fall into financial difficulties.　　

　　After Abbas met with Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu in the United States in 2010, the leaders of the two sides never met directly again. In 2014, the peace talks between Israel and the Palestinian National Authority broke down and have not resumed.

The development of intelligent cockpit, intelligent driving and intelligent network will promote the continuous increase of new functions. At the same time, the demand for high computing power and large bandwidth data transmission will become more and more urgent, coupled with the concept of "software-defined car", which will jointly promote the upgrading and transformation of the whole vehicle EE architecture; At present, various car companies have gradually started to move from the distributed architecture with independent functions to the domain control architecture with integrated functions, and will eventually move to the centralized architecture with central computing and regional control.

One,Tesla’s "quasi-centralized architecture" leads the trend.

1. Distributed architecture VS centralized architecture

1) Under the distributed architecture, software and hardware are closely coupled, and OEM is more dependent on suppliers. In the process of cooperation, only one technical standard (such as communication information -XX signal, communication form -CAN/LIN, etc.) is provided to Tier1, and each system is provided by different suppliers, resulting in OEM’s vehicle software becoming a mixture of many independent and incompatible software systems. If the OEM wants to change or add new functions, it needs to talk with different suppliers, so it is obviously constrained by suppliers.

Secondly, with more and more ECU, the wiring harness in the car will become longer and longer, which not only increases the weight and cost of the car, but also brings great trouble to the layout and assembly of the car. Moreover, the computing power of each ECU can not be coordinated, resulting in a great waste of computing power.

2) Under the central computing+regional architecture, the computing power is gradually concentrated in the center. First, multiple ecus are merged into a domain controller, and then the domain controllers will continue to merge, eventually forming the ultimate layout of a central computing platform +N regional controllers. At this time, the number of ECU will be greatly reduced, which not only reduces the application cost of ECU and the wiring cost between controllers, but also contributes to the lightweight design of the whole vehicle.

Secondly, the sensors and actuators are connected to the nearby regional controllers, which can better realize the expansion of hardware. At the same time, the structure of the regional controller is easier to manage, and it is easy to realize the automatic assembly of the wiring harness.

2. What is Tesla’s "quasi-centralized architecture"?

In 2019, Tesla has realized the EE architecture scheme of central computing+regional controller on Model3, leading the trend. So what are the advantages of Tesla’s architecture?

The vehicle electronic and electrical architecture of Tesla Model3 is divided into four parts: CCM (Central Computing Module), BCM FH (Front Body Control Module), BCM LH (Left Body Control Module) and BCM RH (Right Body Control Module). CCM (Central Computing Module) consists of three modules: infotainment system (IVI), driver assistance system (ADAS) and communication system inside and outside the vehicle.

1）Front body control module:Responsible for the power distribution of the whole vehicle and the logical control and drive of the electrical appliances in the front compartment of the vehicle;

2）Left Body Control Module:Responsible for the power distribution, logical control and drive of the left-hand electrical appliances, including the convenience control of the left body and chassis control such as steering and braking;

3) Right body control module:Responsible for the power distribution of right-hand electrical appliances, the logical control and drive of right-hand and back electrical appliances, including the convenience control of right body, power system, air conditioning, etc.

Advantages of Tesla EE architecture:

1) The hardware part of the intelligent driving module adopts a self-developed FSD chip; For the software part, the operating system is customized based on open source Linux, and the middleware is developed by itself. The software and hardware are self-controllable, which not only helps to speed up the iterative update of vehicle functions, but also greatly reduces the development cost of the whole vehicle.

2) On the software architecture level, SOA architecture is adopted to facilitate the deployment of SOTA and the collection and analysis of cloud data.

There is no doubt that Tesla’s electronic and electrical architecture is advanced. Its central computing module -CCM integrates intelligent driving module, audio-visual entertainment module and in-vehicle networking module, and shares a liquid cooling system. Basically, the prototype of centralized architecture is realized, but it is not a centralized architecture in the strict sense. The industry calls this type "quasi-centralized architecture".

Therefore, even Tesla is still a long way from a truly centralized architecture. Considering the technical maturity and cost at that time:

1) The communication architecture is still relatively traditional, mainly based on CAN bus, and the control is still distributed on MCU, and the basic software of MCU adopts FreeRTOS.

2) The central computing module CCM is separated: only the MCU of audio-visual entertainment, the FSD of intelligent driving and the networking module inside and outside the vehicle are formally integrated on one board, but each module still runs its own operating system independently and completes its own tasks independently.

Even so, Tesla is still a practitioner of the most advanced concept of central computing+regional control architecture, which has triggered the learning and catching up of other peers in the industry.

Second, the "chaser" of the domestic Tesla EE architecture

In the era of intelligent and software-defined cars, whoever can master the dominance of EE architecture and software will occupy the commanding heights of the smart car market. Therefore, domestic mainstream vehicle companies are also actively carrying out relevant layout, and the mass production models of "quasi-centralized" architecture scheme will be launched around 2022-2023.

edit

However, the centralized architecture of OEM planning is not too unified in form. For example, the vehicle computing platform of SAIC Zero Beam adopts two HPC high-performance computing units; The scheme of GAC or Great Wall adopts three major computing platforms: central computing platform, intelligent driving domain and intelligent cockpit domain. But generally speaking, the R&D design concept is similar: the hardware adopts the architecture scheme of central computing+regional control, and the software adopts the design concept of SOA software architecture.

1. SAIC Zero Beam-Galaxy Full Stack 3.0 Scheme

Hardware platform:It consists of two HPC high-performance computing units, HPC1 and HPC2, and four ZONE controllers. Two high-performance computing units are used as the computing center of the whole vehicle to realize the functions of intelligent cockpit, intelligent driving and redundant backup of intelligent driving; Four area controllers are used to realize the related functions of different areas.

Galaxy Full Stack 3.0 Hardware Platform (Source: SAIC Zero Beam Presentation Materials)

Remarks:

1) In August, 2021, SAIC Zero Beam and Xinchi Technology reached a strategic cooperation, and based on the Zero Beam Galaxy Full Stack 3.0 architecture, they will jointly formulate the development roadmap of the chip and vehicle electronic and electrical architecture; At the same time, the two sides will jointly explore and jointly develop a narrow operating system suitable for full stack 3.0 around the chip-level underlying software operating system and virtualization platform technology;

2) In September, 2021, SAIC Zero Beam announced that it had jointly designed and developed the HPC based on "Zero Beam Galaxy Full Stack 3.0".

Software platform:Adopt SOA integrated software platform of cloud management.

1) The software platform is decoupled from the hardware chip and the operating system. Even if the chip types and operating systems of different EE architecture platforms are different, the software platform can still be translated and reused. For example, Zero Beam’s 1.0 architecture platform and 3.0 architecture platform still use the same software platform, although the underlying hardware and operating system are different.

2) In the application layer, through middleware and SOA atomic service layer, a unified and standard API interface can be provided upwards, which makes the application layer development easier and more reusable. At the same time, coupled with the software platform SDK, OEMs, suppliers, third-party developers and users can all join in the application development and realize the co-creation of application ecology.

Galaxy Full Stack 3.0 Software Platform (Source: SAIC Zero Beam Presentation Materials)

2. Gac ean-Spirit architecture

1）Hardware platform:Spirit architecture consists of digital mirror cloud, three core modules and four regional controllers (left/right/front/back). Among them,The three core computer modules include central computing unit, intelligent driving domain control module and cockpit domain control module; The central computing unit covers the new energy control module and the body control module, and is responsible for controlling the functions of vehicle running, braking and vehicle equipment.

• The CPU is equipped with NXP S32G399 gateway computing chip, which is composed of 8 A cores and 4 M cores, and has built-in LLCE+PFE acceleration engine, and the communication delay is ≤ 20μ s.;
• Cockpit control module is equipped with Qualcomm 8155/8295 chip, 7nm process, 105K DMIPS computing power, and supports 3D character image rendering, face recognition, AR-HUD and other functions.;
• The intelligent driving domain control module is equipped with Huawei Shengteng 610 high-performance chip and 7nm process, which supports the expansion of computing power of 200~400TOPS. The image processing capacity of ISP can reach 2.4GPix/s, which can cope with complex road conditions such as high speed and cities.

Spirit Architecture Hardware Platform (Source: Guangzhou Automobile Ai ‘an Presentation Materials)

2) Software platform:SOA software architecture with layered design is adopted.

• Basic intermediate layerAdopt atomic service encapsulation and standardized interface;
• Dedicated intermediate layerAdopt enhanced combination service, which can be executed independently;
• APP software layerIs an independent component decoupled from the bottom layer and can directly call the service.

The software architecture realizes service, atomization and standardization of components, decoupling of software and hardware, improving the ability and speed of OTA, and realizing plug and play of hardware-adding new application modules can realize new scenarios.

Spirit Architecture Software Platform (Source: Guangzhou Automobile Ai ‘an Presentation Materials)

3. Great Wall Motor-GEEP4.0 architecture

1) Hardware platform:GEEP4.0 architecture consists of central computing platform (CCU), intelligent cockpit module (HUT), intelligent driving module (ICU), and three regional controllers (VIU_L, VIU_R and VIU_F).

Central computing unit CCUThe main responsibility of CCU is to deal with the functions of auxiliary autopilot, power, chassis, car body, air conditioning, car body status and mode management in a centralized way. Under the high-order autopilot configuration, CCU can be used as a backup of L3 domain controller to achieve the lowest risk conditions.

3 regional controllers:Is a standardized control unit.,Divide, deploy and develop according to the body domain, and arrange them on the left, right and front respectively, which is responsible for integrating some MCU around, that is, integrating ECU, power supply, controller and input/output. At present, most of the software algorithms of the three VIUs have been moved to CCU and developed by Great Wall Software Team. VIU only keeps a small part of logic, and it is more responsible for driving I/O.

GEEP4.0 hardware platform (Source: Great Wall Motor Technology Sharing Salon)

2) Software platform

• On the application software level, integrate big data, cloud diagnosis, information security and other software systems to achieve functional integration;
• Deploy different domain software in different cores-MCU core adopts CP Autosar, and deploy different domain electronic control software in multiple MCU cores respectively; The HPC core adopts Linux OS and AP Autosar middleware;
• By deploying software in different domains in different cores, the integration between multiple domains is opened horizontally, and the communication between the underlying hardware, operating system (CP autosar, Linux OS), middleware (AP autosar), protocol stack and application software is opened vertically.
• Support FOTA, planning some comfort functions will support SOA.

GEEP4.0 software platform (Source: Great Wall Motor Technology Sharing Salon)

4. Tucki X-EEA3.0

In November 2021, Xpeng Motors released the Tucki G9 at the Guangzhou Auto Show, which is scheduled to be listed in 2022; The car adopts Tucki’s brand-new X-EEA 3.0 architecture. At present, the official customs of Tucki has not revealed too many specific technical details. The author has compiled the following information for your reference:

• Hardware architecture:Central supercomputing+regional control;
• The software platform architecture is divided into three layers.System software platform, basic software platform and intelligent application platform;
• Communication architecture:Adopt gigabit Ethernet communication;
• Data schema:Realize non-inductive OTA- The domain controllers all control the memory in partition isolation, one area is used for upgrading and the other area is used for normal operation of vehicles; Therefore, even when the vehicle is driving normally, OTA upgrade of new functions can still be carried out at the same time;
• Power architecture:The power supply of electrical equipment is controllable, and intelligent and accurate power distribution is carried out according to user scenarios, which reduces unnecessary power waste and optimizes the use of electricity.

Third, the impact of the upgrade of EE architecture

1. Reshaping the supply chain system

Under the traditional distributed architecture, the software is highly coupled with ECU. OEM has a strong dependence on Tier1, which is dominant, and the software and hardware are directly supplied to OEM by packaging. The industrial chain is relatively simple, with software product suppliers/chip suppliers (Tier2) in the upstream, component integrators (Tier1) in the midstream, and vehicle integration plants (OEMs) in the downstream.

With the upgrading and transformation of electronic and electrical architecture, the hardware is gradually standardized, the software is separated from the hardware, and the software and hardware are decoupled, making it a reality to define the automobile by software. Therefore, OEM’s ability to master software-defined cars has become more intense, and they hope to gradually regain the long-awaited "dominance" from Tier1.

To this end, enterprising OEMs began to set up software teams to improve their software research and development capabilities, but there is still a long way to go. In this context, some people have seen the strong demand of car companies for the "self-developed and controllable" cooperation mode, so a new species-Tier 1.5 has emerged, which can support the customization of OEM products upwards and integrate and integrate Tier2 resources downwards, in order to get a share of this "dominance" battle.

At the same time, in order to maintain its dominant position, the traditional Tier1 has also started to vertically integrate and build the R&D capability of the whole stack of software and hardware, transforming from a component supplier to a system solution provider, that is, upgrading from Tier1 to Tier0.5-it can not only provide OEM with software and hardware integrated products, but also provide full-process services from pre-technical research and development to post-data sharing, hoping to maintain a "close" relationship with OEM.

2. Changes in the industry competition pattern

At present, enterprises engaged in research and development of advanced EE architecture can be roughly divided into three categories: vehicle enterprises, Tier1 and technology companies. Vehicle companies have a strong motivation to master the core technology and component dominance of centralized EE architecture, because they have already seen the benefits that this dominance brings to Tesla. However, in the short term, there are still a few vehicle companies that can realize all the self-research of these technologies and components. Most vehicle manufacturers will still rely on Tier1, technology companies and other suppliers to complete it together.

The development project of the vehicle electronic and electrical architecture is complex and the technical link is long. Only the players in the industrial chain can cooperate with each other in each link, give full play to their respective advantages, and form a joint force to achieve the effect that 1+1 is greater than 2. Only in this way can we help the whole vehicle enterprises to complete the upgrading of the architecture more quickly.

For OEM, we will choose the cooperation mode that suits us according to our actual situation:

1) For head car companies with strong R&D capabilities, such as Tesla, they will choose self-research in key core areas such as chip, operating system, middleware and domain controller system integration, while outsourcing some hardware production.

Secondly, the automatic driving perception algorithm is relatively complicated. Even some head car companies will choose to jointly develop the perception algorithm with software companies with strong strength in the industry. In this process, most of them will also learn from teachers, gradually improve their perceptual algorithm ability, and finally move closer to the goal of self-research in the whole stack.

2) For car companies with relatively weak software research and development capabilities, it is necessary to distinguish what is common and what is individual. Considering its own research and development strength and cost pressure, the common part can only be strategically abandoned and handed over to the right supplier to help it complete the development; For the part of personality, you need to do your best to differentiate and create your own brand power. For example, a domain controller or a central computing platform needs Tier1 or a software company with full-stack R&D capability to help it gradually open in layers, and then do personalized and differentiated development at the application layer.

At present, the demand of the main engine factory is personalized and diversified, and most of them tend to ask suppliers for customized development according to their own needs. At the same time, OEM is also trying to improve its own software development ability; In the long run, for Tier1 and the technology companies that intend to do Tier1, it is a general trend that the development rights of some software functions of domain controllers or central computing platforms are "taken back" by OEMs. Therefore, Tier1 and technology companies are also striving to build full-stack technology research and development capabilities for software and hardware to avoid becoming "hardware foundries" for OEMs.

3. The new opportunities brought by the upward breakthrough of EE architecture

In the critical period when intelligent driving entered the second half of the competition, OEM began to upgrade its electronic and electrical architecture to cope with the development of automobile intelligence and networking. In this critical time window, whoever can help OEM to take the lead in realizing the rapid replacement and iterative upgrade of hardware modularity, as well as the portability and maximum reuse of software modules, will win the favor of the OEM and gain a foothold in the new market.

The so-called times make heroes, so which types are more likely to appear "heroes" on the "new outlet"? The author judges that there will be the following types:

1) Dali AI Chip Company-the electronic and electrical architecture is developing rapidly towards domain centralization and central domain control. For OEMs, the choice of high-performance Dali computing platform is a top priority. Therefore, the suppliers of large computing chips will usher in a growing market space. In particular, some chip companies that have recently grown up in China-open system solutions, ability to understand localized scenes, and good engineering supporting services are their current advantages.

2) Domain Controller Integrator-With the upgrading of the electronic and electrical architecture of the whole vehicle, the penetration rate of domain controllers has been promoted, and the emerging market of domain controllers will have great growth space in the future. Domain controller integrators with reliable product quality, which can also greatly save costs and shorten the development cycle for OEMs, will usher in an opportunity for development.

3) Supplier of basic software platform-For the OEM with weak software power, there is no need to re-develop the common part of the basic software platform, because it will not be perceived by consumers. Therefore, you can choose to give this part to the appropriate basic software platform supplier, which can not only reduce your development difficulty and cost, but also use your own manpower and financial resources for the key personalized development part; It is conducive to shortening the product development cycle and bringing it to market as soon as possible.

4. What are the challenges to realize the central computing+regional control architecture?

1. The bottom "chip" foundation determines the height of the upper "architecture"

High-order autonomous driving requires more and more computing power. Carrying chips with more advanced process and stronger performance has become the primary problem to be considered in architecture design, because the mass production time of the planned chips will affect the landing time of the architecture scheme.

When designing the central computing+regional architecture, the central computing platform needs to meet the needs and characteristics of all domains at the same time. Therefore, it needs more powerful chips and a combination of various operating systems. The biggest challenge is to select the available chips. However, at present, there are no mass-produced chips that can meet the requirements of several functional domains at the same time, so most OEMs still adopt the scheme of piecing together multiple chips:

1) Vehicle control system: Generally, MCU is adopted, which runs mature Classic AUTOSAR basic software, which requires high real-time performance and safety level, but its computing power and storage are limited.

2) Intelligent cockpit and intelligent driving field need high-performance and powerful SoC chips, and also need to run complex operating systems, supplemented by middleware.

Secondly, there are more and more players in the field of in-vehicle with high computing power and high performance chips, and the iteration speed of chips is getting faster and faster. If the whole technical architecture needs to be reconstructed every time the chips are replaced, it will seriously affect the development speed of new products. Therefore, the central computing platform needs to have good expansibility, not only a unified sensor and peripheral interface, but also good chip compatibility.

2. Software Capability and Software Team Building

Software capability At present, the mainstream functional domain architecture can be divided into five domains: body domain, chassis domain, power domain, intelligent cockpit domain and autopilot domain. In the process of developing to a centralized architecture, cross-domain integration is inevitable, such as integrating the body domain, chassis domain and power domain into a vehicle control domain, and the ultimate goal in the future is to integrate all functional domains into a central brain. In this development process, not only need to build a large number of software function service capabilities; At the same time, powerful software capabilities are needed to cope with the system collaboration among the underlying real-time operating system, AUTOSAR and other key software modules.

Another embodiment of software capability is that OTA, especially FOTA, requires OEM to have strong software development capability and be able to develop the control software of the underlying executive parts, so as to truly realize the function or performance of software-defined cars.

In 2018, the American Consumer Report magazine pointed out that Model3 had serious problems in emergency braking at high speed. When Model3 is driving at 60 mph, its braking distance is about 46.3 meters, which is higher than other models in the same class. To solve this problem, Model 3 upgrades the firmware by pushing it remotely. The end result is that the emergency braking distance of Model3 is shortened by about 6.1 meters through OTA.

The hardware of the Model 3 braking system is Bosch’s iBooster, but the electric control software at the bottom is developed by Tesla, so the characteristics of the brake pedal can be adjusted through OTA upgrade, that is, the braking force can be optimally distributed during the whole braking process by adjusting the braking response curve, thus shortening the braking distance.

Software team building- If OEM wants to realize the real software-defined car, that is, most functions and performances of the car are defined by itself, then its own research and development ability, especially the software research and development ability, will be a big test. Now powerful OEMs are setting up software R&D teams on a large scale, and software developers are obviously in short supply in the talent market. Even if you are willing to "seduce" with high salary and options, it is difficult to "set" the right talents. At the same time, the management and coordination of software teams are also complicated, which is where traditional OEMs need to carry out intensive learning again.

3. The problem of organizational system

Traditional OEM has a R&D team, a product system and a supply chain system that have been gradually built and improved for many years. However, there will be more things to consider and worry about when the whole vehicle EE architecture changes, such as the reusability of the original production line, the compatibility of the architecture with the huge product line, and the supply chain problems around the world.

A major feature of the centralized architecture is that the computing power is concentrated in the center. In this case, many ecus will definitely be cut off. If a large number of ECU’s are cut off in the car, it is a matter of life and death for employees who rely on these parts and related suppliers. If they can’t make internal and external adjustments, it will be difficult for the new architecture to be promoted and implemented quickly.

To some extent, the traditional OEM has become a "double-edged sword" by virtue of the advantages of supply chain and product system accumulated over the years, and it has begun to hinder them from carrying out architectural innovation. Therefore, it is impossible for them to "cut across the board" when carrying out the structural reform, completely demolish the previous scheme and switch to the new E/E architecture. They can only use the existing resources to make a gradual transition and evolution, and gradually improve their own software R&D capabilities and change their R&D organizational structure to adapt to the new R&D process.

The new forces that build cars have no concerns in this regard, and they can start from scratch. Although it doesn’t accumulate as many past resources as traditional OEM, and it doesn’t have the previous historical burden, it can make new attempts without scruple.

Therefore, from this point of view, the huge organizational system of traditional OEMs has really held them back.

References:

1. How did Neusoft Ruichi start the "future battle" in the second half of the decisive battle for intelligent driving?

https://mp.weixin.qq.com/s/2xl36RUBYqcIz3qEe3nlKw

2. Fully open the standard API interface. Great Wall Motor’s new electronic and electrical architecture creates an open service ecosystem.

https://mp.weixin.qq.com/s/jJvwOAx7wS3VSaDOjbDjeg

3. Analyze the electronic and electrical architecture of Xpeng Motors X-EEA 3.0 better than you think.

https://mp.weixin.qq.com/s/O1evq-Qx4WddEX-Tz4SYWA

4. After the popularity of functional domain architecture, regional architecture may be widely used in 2023-2025.

https://mp.weixin.qq.com/s/xvvG_cuhbGplBHN3taWOAg

5. What is the core of a software-defined car? Talk about the new generation Tesla electronic and electrical architecture

http://www.eeaconference.com/news/751649/

6. Talking about Tesla’s EEA

https://mp.weixin.qq.com/s/-cJUCXh8SviiGege8dXR7A

7. Vehicle architecture reform, domestic domain controller manufacturers welcome development opportunities (securities report)

https://new.qq.com/omn/20211102/20211102A030EP00.html

8. SAIC Zero Beam Zeng Jienan: Cloud-tube integrated central computing platform solution

https://new.qq.com/omn/20211102/20211102A030EP00.html

9. SAIC Zero Beam and Chuangshi jointly developed the Galaxy Full Stack 3.0 cabin driving integrated HPC.

https://mp.weixin.qq.com/s/nGjrX8iYhT-J1DN5loBy3A

10. Open a new era of "software-defined automobile", and analyze the new "Spirit architecture" of GAC’s safety.

https://mp.weixin.qq.com/s/7A-SBO3kp8bGoI-oW99qlg

11. Smart car architecture analysis

The picture comes from the Internet.

　　Driverless technology is desirable and full of worries.

　　At some moments, people will be excited and look forward to driverless technology, because the core of this technology is to replace human drivers with stable and accurate machines. One day, driverless driving may make all kinds of dangerous driving factors disappear. However, sometimes, people are afraid of driverless technology, because using immature technology on public roads does make people feel nervous. When will driverless cars develop by leaps and bounds and when will they be ready to go on the road?

　　Recently, the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology issued the Action Plan for Industrial Development of the Internet of Vehicles (Intelligent Networked Vehicles) (hereinafter referred to as the Action Plan), which aroused widespread concern. The Action Plan proposes that by 2020, a breakthrough will be made in the cross-industry integration of the car networking (intelligent networked cars) industry. What are the barriers to the development of the car networking in China at present? In the Action Plan, it is specifically pointed out that to speed up the key core technologies of intelligent networked vehicles, what are the core technologies? What are the specific support measures in the Action Plan? In response to these hot issues, the reporter interviewed relevant industry experts.

????Developing car networking is a good opportunity for overtaking in corners in China.

　　What is an intelligent networked car?

　　Li Keqiang, director of Tsinghua University Intelligent Networked Automobile and Transportation Research Center, said that intelligent networked automobile refers to the organic combination of the Internet of Vehicles and smart cars. It is equipped with advanced on-board sensors, controllers, actuators and other devices, and integrates modern communication and network technologies to realize the exchange and sharing of intelligent information between vehicles and people, roads, clouds, etc. It has the functions of complex environment perception, intelligent decision-making and collaborative control, and can realize "safe, comfortable, energy-saving and efficient" driving.

　　"In the field of traditional automobile development, China lags far behind the West, so it is impossible to catch up in a short time. However, in terms of new energy vehicles, a great opportunity for China’s new energy vehicles is that its start is almost synchronous with that of the West in terms of intelligent technology. Therefore, the development of intelligent networked vehicles is a great opportunity for China car companies to overtake in corners. The development of intelligent technology in China is very fast, and it has reached the world-class level in speech recognition and other technologies, which is a very important opportunity for China car companies. " Xu Aiping, an associate researcher at the Institute of Industrial Development of Tianjin Academy of Social Sciences, said.

　　In order to further promote the sustained and healthy development of the industry, the Action Plan proposes to achieve the goal of high-quality development of the car networking industry in stages. In the first stage, by 2020, a breakthrough will be made in the cross-industry integration of the car networking (intelligent networked cars) industry, and intelligent networked cars with high-level automatic driving function will be applied in a specific scene scale, and the penetration rate of car networking users will reach more than 30%. In the second stage, after 2020, technological innovation, standard system, infrastructure, application service and safety guarantee system will be fully completed, and intelligent networked cars with high-level automatic driving function and 5G-V2X will gradually realize large-scale commercial applications, and "people-vehicles-roads-clouds" will achieve high synergy.

????Technology, industry and policy restrict the development of vehicle networking.

　　The rapid development of the market does not mean that the ecological construction of the Internet of Vehicles is mature. What are the difficulties between ideal and reality?

　　"At present, China’s car networking industry has entered the fast lane, technological innovation is increasingly active, new applications are booming, and industrial scale is expanding. However, there are also problems such as key core technologies to be broken, industrial ecology to be improved, and policies and regulations to be improved." The head of the Science and Technology Department of the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology said.

　　"China’s intelligent networked automobile industry foundation and technology research and development are relatively weak, especially in the fields of vehicle research and development, sensors, computing platforms, etc., and the relevant standards, laws and regulations are relatively lagging behind, and the intelligent development of road traffic is later than that of developed countries abroad." Wang Gang, director of the Beijing Economic and Information Technology Commission, said.

　　Taking Beijing as an example, Wang Gang pointed out that in the process of promoting the development of intelligent networked automobile industry, some key problems still need to be solved: in terms of intelligent networked automobile core electronic devices, on-board intelligent software and hardware platforms, etc., it is necessary to further improve the control ability of key technologies.

　　"At the same time, the traditional automobile manufacturing industry has limitations in the accumulation of intelligent networked automobile technology and product research and development, and the manufacturing capacity of new intelligent automobiles is still insufficient. The integration and collaboration between traditional automobile design and manufacturing and computing, communications and other industries also need to be strengthened. More importantly, intelligent transportation needs to strengthen overall planning, and needs to unify standards and enhance capabilities in intelligent road networks, cloud management and cloud control platforms, and application demonstrations. " Wang Gang said.

　　"China has both advantages and disadvantages in developing electric technology and intelligent networking technology. Strong government coordination, large investment in infrastructure construction, and a good foundation of internet technology and communication technology are the advantages; The weak technical foundation and the policy environment are not conducive to technological innovation, which is the disadvantage. " Dong Yang, executive vice president of China Automobile Industry Association, said.

????Vigorously support the key technologies of wireless communication networks

　　The head of the Science and Technology Department of the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology pointed out that the Action Plan put forward five key tasks on the basis of in-depth research. The first aspect is to break through key technologies and promote industrialization.

　　"We propose to make full use of all kinds of innovative resources, accelerate the development and application of key parts and systems of intelligent networked vehicles, and promote the construction of intelligent networked vehicle decision-making control platform. Vigorously support the research and development and industrialization of key technologies of wireless communication networks such as LTE-V2X and 5G-V2X, and comprehensively build a vehicle networking architecture that combines communication and computing. " The person in charge said.

　　"The key to intelligent networked cars is intelligence, the essence of which is cars. It is characterized by the networking of communication infrastructure, provided that traffic is safe, smooth and efficient." Li Shufu, chairman of Geely Holding Group, said that to achieve the above goals, we must pay attention to information security and privacy protection, vulnerability discovery and emergency remedy, traffic safety and malicious control, network boundary and system autonomy. Among them, the operating system is the core component of the intelligent networked car and the brain of the whole car, which is very important.

　　Sun Fengchun, an academician of China Academy of Engineering and an expert on vehicle electrification, stressed that China Intelligent Networked Vehicle still has a long way to go. Intelligent networked cars on the road, or to achieve automatic driving, the prerequisite is that cars must be highly intelligent, but manufacturing highly intelligent cars is a gradual process; Secondly, intelligent networked vehicles based on new energy vehicles are China’s development strategy, and the network needs to be built well, and the construction of the network can not be completed overnight.

????Automotive, electronics, communications and other fields need collaborative innovation.

　　How to ensure the implementation of the Action Plan?

　　The person in charge of the Science and Technology Department of the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology said that the Action Plan sorts out the policies and measures for the development of the car networking industry, and puts forward specific safeguard measures from six aspects: strengthening organizational leadership, increasing policy support, building an industrial ecosystem, optimizing the industrial development environment, improving the personnel training system, and promoting international, Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan exchanges and cooperation.

　　"At present, the core technologies and testing standards of China’s intelligent networked vehicles are still not perfect, and the organic integration of standards between different industries still needs to be strengthened. Mechanisms in information security, open sharing, and operational supervision have not yet been fully established. " Luo Junjie, deputy director of the Equipment Industry Department of the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, said that these problems are also challenges that the development of global intelligent networked vehicles needs to face together.

　　Luo Junjie said that on the one hand, it needs collaborative innovation in the fields of automobiles, electronics, communications and the Internet; On the other hand, it is also necessary for major automobile producing countries in the world to join hands to strengthen exchanges and cooperation in intelligent networked automobile policies, technologies, standards and regulations. Under the framework of international organizations such as WP29 and ISO, especially with the help of the newly established self-driving vehicle working group under WP29, the key technologies of autonomous driving will be accelerated and relevant standards and regulations will be formulated.

　　"On the question of how car companies can make good use of the existing industrial subsidy policy, I think it is better to remind China car companies to pay more attention to their own R&D investment. Modern car companies have established a strong R&D system with enterprises as the main body in order to survive for a long time. Like Ford, Mercedes-Benz, etc., they invested a lot of money in research and development and formed an independent and controllable core technology system to survive in the fierce market competition. " Xu Aiping said. (Reporter Ma Aiping)

In the past, when holding a budget of 400,000 yuan, many people would consider BMW 3 Series, mercedes benz c Class or Audi Q5L. After all, these models have the blessing of luxury brands, and they have a face when driving out and a good car experience. However, nowadays, independent brands are also rising, and the strength of domestic cars cannot be ignored. In addition, our consumers are now more rational when buying a car, paying attention to economy, practicality and comfort, rather than simply paying attention to the brand. For example, when I bought a car six months ago, I didn’t stick to Mercedes-Benz, BMW and Audi. Instead, I considered many domestic cars and chose Tengshi D9 hybrid MPV according to my actual needs. There are two reasons why I choose this car: on the one hand, I pay attention to the cost of using the car, and Tengshi D9 hybrid car can effectively reduce the use cost, and it will not have the endurance anxiety like pure electric vehicles; On the other hand, Tengshi D9 is MPV structure with spacious interior space, which can meet the needs of six people in my family traveling at the same time.

I have been driving Tengshi D9 for six months since I picked up the car, and I am quite satisfied with this car on the whole. When the battery is fully charged, the power of Tengshi D9 is smooth and the use cost is not high. In addition, the space in the car is also very spacious, which meets my car selection needs. The only problem is that this car is highly dependent on battery power. Once the battery power is reduced, the power of the 1.5T engine will not be enough, and I will be less confident when climbing or accelerating rapidly, and the use cost will also increase. Especially recently, my friend and I switched to a GAC Toyota Saina, and after experiencing this joint venture MPV with a price similar to Tengshi D9, I realized that among the 400,000-class MPVs, GAC Toyota Saina is the real "king".

Let’s take a brief look at the prices of these two models. The guide price of Tengshi D9 is 335,800-465,800, of which the top model price of DM hybrid model has reached 445,800, while the guide price of GAC Toyota Saina is 309,800-411,800. In my impression, joint venture cars are usually priced higher than domestic cars. After all, in order to enhance their competitiveness, domestic car companies often spend their time on price and enhance their competitiveness through low prices. However, Tengshi D9 and GAC Toyota Saina are just the opposite. Although Tengshi D9 is a domestic car, its price is more expensive. In addition, Guangzhou Automobile Toyota Saina has been recognized by consumers. Since its listing in October 2021, it has sold more than 100,000 vehicles, ranking the leading position in the MPV market.

When I saw GAC Toyota Saina at first sight, I felt that this car should be suitable for everyday use. Because the appearance of GAC Toyota Saina is fashionable and exquisite, it is not easy to be considered as a driver when driving this car out. The front face of this car is designed in sections, and the upper part is connected with headlights on both sides by black trim+chrome trim. The whole lamp group looks like a blade and looks young and sharp. The lower part adopts a larger trapezoidal grille with chrome decoration inside, which ensures the gas field and looks exquisite at the same time. In contrast, the front grille area of Tengshi D9 occupies almost the whole front face, and the gas field is really strong, but it is too commercial, and it is easy to be considered as a driver when driving out.

After getting into the car, I found that the cockpit design of GAC Toyota Saina is also very young, and the sense of technology is not lost to many new models. The central control screen adopts suspended design, the size reaches 12.3 inches, and the size of the full LCD instrument panel also reaches 12.3 inches. The combination of the two is naturally futuristic. The center console has a sense of design, and the panel in front of the co-pilot is well-defined and looks not monotonous. The middle aisle does not adopt a completely through design. If you only look at the interior, you may mistakenly think that this is the cockpit of an SUV. GAC Toyota Saina is also equipped with 9 airbags, 11.6-inch rear entertainment screen, segmented electric sunroof and other configurations, which are comparable to Tengshi D9.

For an MPV, the most important thing is the seating space in the back row. GAC Toyota Saina’s performance in this respect is no less than Tengshi D9, or even better. The length and wheelbase of this car reach 5165mm and 3060mm respectively, and there is no pressure to accommodate 7 seats in the car. In addition, the second row of seats also has 816mm slide rails, which can adjust the seat position according to the actual needs of passengers. When I need to travel with my family, I can adjust the second row of seats to a moderate position to provide spacious activity space for the third row of passengers. When only my wife and children go out, I can slide the second row of seats backwards to create a spacious four-seat space. In addition, the third row of seats in this car can also be laid down and hidden under the trunk floor, expanding the trunk volume to 2112L L.

Let’s talk about the driving experience. GAC Toyota Saina is also a hybrid MPV, equipped with THS II Toyota’s fourth-generation 2.5L large-capacity hybrid system, which can provide consistent power output and low fuel consumption in various travel scenarios without additional charging. In actual driving, I found that the power performance of GAC Toyota Saina was better than Tengshi D9. Because the power system of this car consists of a 2.5L engine and a motor, the engine has a larger displacement and is assisted by the motor, so it feels continuous and abundant power when driving. Even at high speed, when the speed reaches 100km/h and acceleration is needed, this car can provide stable acceleration performance.

In addition, GAC Toyota Saina adopts the former McPherson independent suspension and the rear E-type multi-link independent suspension, and is built on the TNGA platform, which has the low chassis characteristics endowed by the TNGA platform, making the body posture more stable while driving. The chassis can effectively reduce vibration when passing through potholes or speed bumps, and passengers will not feel too much bumps. When driving in corners, the chassis shows good toughness, giving people a very "advanced" feeling. Such chassis adjustment is very common in high-end cars, but relatively rare in MPV, which requires car companies to have profound chassis adjustment technology to achieve. As for the car cost, the car’s fuel consumption per 100 kilometers is less than 6L, and the average fuel consumption per kilometer is only more than 3Mao. For an MPV, the car cost is very low.

After driving the Guangzhou Automobile Toyota Tournament for six months, I found that Tengshi D9 was far behind Guangzhou Automobile Toyota Tournament. These two models are very different in appearance. Tengshi D9 is more like a commercial vehicle, while GAC Toyota Saina is suitable for home use and can also highlight the young model of the owner. In terms of space flexibility, cockpit safety and power fuel consumption, GAC Toyota Saina also has certain advantages. In actual use, there is no need to consider the problem of charging, and it is more convenient. At the same time, GAC Toyota has been ranked first in sales/after-sales service satisfaction for 10 consecutive years, and the comprehensive service experience is definitely more secure than that of its own brand and new power models. Therefore, compared with Tengshi D9, GAC Toyota Race is the real king.