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In terms of appearance, the new Mazda 3 Angkeira has not changed much compared with the old one. In the front part, the new car adopts a large-size blackened air intake grille with shield shape, and the periphery is outlined with chrome trim strips, and the center is decorated with chrome trim strips. The interior of the grille adopts a honeycomb design, which looks very dynamic. The headlights on both sides of the front of the car are very full in shape, and the belt is used inside, so the visual effect after lighting is very good. The raised lines on the hood are full of muscle. The fog light area on both sides of the front enclosure is large in size, and the interior is decorated with black mesh. The whole front face looks very fashionable and dynamic! .

The interior of the new car still has a certain family style. The colors of black and brown are quite natural. The size of the center console is relatively wide, the floating central control panel is quite wide, and the three-piece style is also relatively full and slightly inclined at a certain angle. Some details in the car are also decorated with brushed silver trim strips to enhance the texture, one-button start, automatic parking, one-button start, bose audio, body stability system, parallel auxiliary, blind spot monitoring, and so on.

The length, width and height are 4662×1797×1445mm respectively, and the wheelbase has reached 2726mm, ranking 14th in the same class. The interior space of the car is relatively spacious at the same level, the height and width of the car are ideal, and the legroom in the back row will not feel cramped, which belongs to the upper-middle level at the same level. The design of skylight also increases the subjective space feeling of front and rear passengers. Among the models of the same price and class, the trunk volume of Mazda 3 Angkeira ranks 29th. The space is relatively regular, without obvious protrusions, and the overall loading capacity is good.

Mazda 3 Angkor Sela 2.0L automatic premium edition uses a 2.0 engine, with a maximum horsepower of 158 and a peak torque of 202, matching the automatic manual transmission (AT). It will definitely bring unforgettable control charm. Ranked fifth among the 80,000-120,000 compact car models.

Mazda 3 Angkeira has complete active/passive safety configuration, includingAutomatic parking、Zero tire pressure endurance tire、Automatic parking、Steep slope descent、hill start assist control、knee airbag、HUD head-up display、Anti-lock braking (ABS)、Braking force distribution (EBD/CBC, etc.)、Brake assist (EBA/BAS, etc.)、Traction control (ASR/TCS, etc.)、Active noise reduction、Engine start and stop、Side safety air curtain、Wireless charging of mobile phone、night vision system、LED daytime running lights、Forward reversing radar、Tire pressure monitoring、Steering wheel heating、Body stability control (ESP/DSC, etc.)、Rear reversing radar、Fatigue reminder、Remote parking、Child seat interface、Lane keeping (LKAS)Equal configuration.

Among them,Automatic parkingYou can avoid stepping on the brakes for a long time or needing to pull frequently;Steep slope descentCan safely pass through steep slope road conditions at low speed;knee airbagReduce the injury of the car interior to the occupant’s knees in the secondary collision.

If the above data, participation, etc. can’t fully understand Mazda 3 Angkeira, then we can give you a more comprehensive reference based on the word-of-mouth information of users who have purchased Mazda 3 Angkeira in history. It can be seen that what everyone is most satisfied with Mazda 3 Angkeira is its good sound. In addition, its high value and broad vision are also the points that everyone likes it.

　　Israeli Defense Minister Ganz said on August 30th that Israel will provide 500 million new shekels (about 155 million US dollars) in loans to Palestine.

　　On the 30th, Ganz revealed to the Israeli media that during his talks with Palestinian President Yasser Abbas on the 29th, he promised that Israel would take a series of "goodwill gestures", including providing loans to the Palestinians and approving 16,000 Palestinians to work in Israel.

　　Ganz said that the purpose of his talks with Abbas was to build mutual trust in the absence of a peace agreement between the two sides.

　　According to a statement issued by the Israeli Defense Minister’s Office in the early hours of the 30th, Ganz and Abbas held two rounds of talks in Ramallah, during which the two sides discussed the "security, social and economic situation" in the West Bank and the Gaza. The statement quoted Ganz as saying that "Israel is prepared to take a series of measures to promote the Palestinian economy".

　　In July this year, the Israeli security cabinet decided to freeze the transfer of 597 million new shekels (about 183 million US dollars) to Palestine to collect taxes. This "punishment" measure used by Israel has caused the Palestinian side to fall into financial difficulties.　　

　　After Abbas met with Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu in the United States in 2010, the leaders of the two sides never met directly again. In 2014, the peace talks between Israel and the Palestinian National Authority broke down and have not resumed.

The development of intelligent cockpit, intelligent driving and intelligent network will promote the continuous increase of new functions. At the same time, the demand for high computing power and large bandwidth data transmission will become more and more urgent, coupled with the concept of "software-defined car", which will jointly promote the upgrading and transformation of the whole vehicle EE architecture; At present, various car companies have gradually started to move from the distributed architecture with independent functions to the domain control architecture with integrated functions, and will eventually move to the centralized architecture with central computing and regional control.

One,Tesla’s "quasi-centralized architecture" leads the trend.

1. Distributed architecture VS centralized architecture

1) Under the distributed architecture, software and hardware are closely coupled, and OEM is more dependent on suppliers. In the process of cooperation, only one technical standard (such as communication information -XX signal, communication form -CAN/LIN, etc.) is provided to Tier1, and each system is provided by different suppliers, resulting in OEM’s vehicle software becoming a mixture of many independent and incompatible software systems. If the OEM wants to change or add new functions, it needs to talk with different suppliers, so it is obviously constrained by suppliers.

Secondly, with more and more ECU, the wiring harness in the car will become longer and longer, which not only increases the weight and cost of the car, but also brings great trouble to the layout and assembly of the car. Moreover, the computing power of each ECU can not be coordinated, resulting in a great waste of computing power.

2) Under the central computing+regional architecture, the computing power is gradually concentrated in the center. First, multiple ecus are merged into a domain controller, and then the domain controllers will continue to merge, eventually forming the ultimate layout of a central computing platform +N regional controllers. At this time, the number of ECU will be greatly reduced, which not only reduces the application cost of ECU and the wiring cost between controllers, but also contributes to the lightweight design of the whole vehicle.

Secondly, the sensors and actuators are connected to the nearby regional controllers, which can better realize the expansion of hardware. At the same time, the structure of the regional controller is easier to manage, and it is easy to realize the automatic assembly of the wiring harness.

2. What is Tesla’s "quasi-centralized architecture"?

In 2019, Tesla has realized the EE architecture scheme of central computing+regional controller on Model3, leading the trend. So what are the advantages of Tesla’s architecture?

The vehicle electronic and electrical architecture of Tesla Model3 is divided into four parts: CCM (Central Computing Module), BCM FH (Front Body Control Module), BCM LH (Left Body Control Module) and BCM RH (Right Body Control Module). CCM (Central Computing Module) consists of three modules: infotainment system (IVI), driver assistance system (ADAS) and communication system inside and outside the vehicle.

1）Front body control module:Responsible for the power distribution of the whole vehicle and the logical control and drive of the electrical appliances in the front compartment of the vehicle;

2）Left Body Control Module:Responsible for the power distribution, logical control and drive of the left-hand electrical appliances, including the convenience control of the left body and chassis control such as steering and braking;

3) Right body control module:Responsible for the power distribution of right-hand electrical appliances, the logical control and drive of right-hand and back electrical appliances, including the convenience control of right body, power system, air conditioning, etc.

Advantages of Tesla EE architecture:

1) The hardware part of the intelligent driving module adopts a self-developed FSD chip; For the software part, the operating system is customized based on open source Linux, and the middleware is developed by itself. The software and hardware are self-controllable, which not only helps to speed up the iterative update of vehicle functions, but also greatly reduces the development cost of the whole vehicle.

2) On the software architecture level, SOA architecture is adopted to facilitate the deployment of SOTA and the collection and analysis of cloud data.

There is no doubt that Tesla’s electronic and electrical architecture is advanced. Its central computing module -CCM integrates intelligent driving module, audio-visual entertainment module and in-vehicle networking module, and shares a liquid cooling system. Basically, the prototype of centralized architecture is realized, but it is not a centralized architecture in the strict sense. The industry calls this type "quasi-centralized architecture".

Therefore, even Tesla is still a long way from a truly centralized architecture. Considering the technical maturity and cost at that time:

1) The communication architecture is still relatively traditional, mainly based on CAN bus, and the control is still distributed on MCU, and the basic software of MCU adopts FreeRTOS.

2) The central computing module CCM is separated: only the MCU of audio-visual entertainment, the FSD of intelligent driving and the networking module inside and outside the vehicle are formally integrated on one board, but each module still runs its own operating system independently and completes its own tasks independently.

Even so, Tesla is still a practitioner of the most advanced concept of central computing+regional control architecture, which has triggered the learning and catching up of other peers in the industry.

Second, the "chaser" of the domestic Tesla EE architecture

In the era of intelligent and software-defined cars, whoever can master the dominance of EE architecture and software will occupy the commanding heights of the smart car market. Therefore, domestic mainstream vehicle companies are also actively carrying out relevant layout, and the mass production models of "quasi-centralized" architecture scheme will be launched around 2022-2023.

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However, the centralized architecture of OEM planning is not too unified in form. For example, the vehicle computing platform of SAIC Zero Beam adopts two HPC high-performance computing units; The scheme of GAC or Great Wall adopts three major computing platforms: central computing platform, intelligent driving domain and intelligent cockpit domain. But generally speaking, the R&D design concept is similar: the hardware adopts the architecture scheme of central computing+regional control, and the software adopts the design concept of SOA software architecture.

1. SAIC Zero Beam-Galaxy Full Stack 3.0 Scheme

Hardware platform:It consists of two HPC high-performance computing units, HPC1 and HPC2, and four ZONE controllers. Two high-performance computing units are used as the computing center of the whole vehicle to realize the functions of intelligent cockpit, intelligent driving and redundant backup of intelligent driving; Four area controllers are used to realize the related functions of different areas.

Galaxy Full Stack 3.0 Hardware Platform (Source: SAIC Zero Beam Presentation Materials)

Remarks:

1) In August, 2021, SAIC Zero Beam and Xinchi Technology reached a strategic cooperation, and based on the Zero Beam Galaxy Full Stack 3.0 architecture, they will jointly formulate the development roadmap of the chip and vehicle electronic and electrical architecture; At the same time, the two sides will jointly explore and jointly develop a narrow operating system suitable for full stack 3.0 around the chip-level underlying software operating system and virtualization platform technology;

2) In September, 2021, SAIC Zero Beam announced that it had jointly designed and developed the HPC based on "Zero Beam Galaxy Full Stack 3.0".

Software platform:Adopt SOA integrated software platform of cloud management.

1) The software platform is decoupled from the hardware chip and the operating system. Even if the chip types and operating systems of different EE architecture platforms are different, the software platform can still be translated and reused. For example, Zero Beam’s 1.0 architecture platform and 3.0 architecture platform still use the same software platform, although the underlying hardware and operating system are different.

2) In the application layer, through middleware and SOA atomic service layer, a unified and standard API interface can be provided upwards, which makes the application layer development easier and more reusable. At the same time, coupled with the software platform SDK, OEMs, suppliers, third-party developers and users can all join in the application development and realize the co-creation of application ecology.

Galaxy Full Stack 3.0 Software Platform (Source: SAIC Zero Beam Presentation Materials)

2. Gac ean-Spirit architecture

1）Hardware platform:Spirit architecture consists of digital mirror cloud, three core modules and four regional controllers (left/right/front/back). Among them,The three core computer modules include central computing unit, intelligent driving domain control module and cockpit domain control module; The central computing unit covers the new energy control module and the body control module, and is responsible for controlling the functions of vehicle running, braking and vehicle equipment.

• The CPU is equipped with NXP S32G399 gateway computing chip, which is composed of 8 A cores and 4 M cores, and has built-in LLCE+PFE acceleration engine, and the communication delay is ≤ 20μ s.;
• Cockpit control module is equipped with Qualcomm 8155/8295 chip, 7nm process, 105K DMIPS computing power, and supports 3D character image rendering, face recognition, AR-HUD and other functions.;
• The intelligent driving domain control module is equipped with Huawei Shengteng 610 high-performance chip and 7nm process, which supports the expansion of computing power of 200~400TOPS. The image processing capacity of ISP can reach 2.4GPix/s, which can cope with complex road conditions such as high speed and cities.

Spirit Architecture Hardware Platform (Source: Guangzhou Automobile Ai ‘an Presentation Materials)

2) Software platform:SOA software architecture with layered design is adopted.

• Basic intermediate layerAdopt atomic service encapsulation and standardized interface;
• Dedicated intermediate layerAdopt enhanced combination service, which can be executed independently;
• APP software layerIs an independent component decoupled from the bottom layer and can directly call the service.

The software architecture realizes service, atomization and standardization of components, decoupling of software and hardware, improving the ability and speed of OTA, and realizing plug and play of hardware-adding new application modules can realize new scenarios.

Spirit Architecture Software Platform (Source: Guangzhou Automobile Ai ‘an Presentation Materials)

3. Great Wall Motor-GEEP4.0 architecture

1) Hardware platform:GEEP4.0 architecture consists of central computing platform (CCU), intelligent cockpit module (HUT), intelligent driving module (ICU), and three regional controllers (VIU_L, VIU_R and VIU_F).

Central computing unit CCUThe main responsibility of CCU is to deal with the functions of auxiliary autopilot, power, chassis, car body, air conditioning, car body status and mode management in a centralized way. Under the high-order autopilot configuration, CCU can be used as a backup of L3 domain controller to achieve the lowest risk conditions.

3 regional controllers:Is a standardized control unit.,Divide, deploy and develop according to the body domain, and arrange them on the left, right and front respectively, which is responsible for integrating some MCU around, that is, integrating ECU, power supply, controller and input/output. At present, most of the software algorithms of the three VIUs have been moved to CCU and developed by Great Wall Software Team. VIU only keeps a small part of logic, and it is more responsible for driving I/O.

GEEP4.0 hardware platform (Source: Great Wall Motor Technology Sharing Salon)

2) Software platform

• On the application software level, integrate big data, cloud diagnosis, information security and other software systems to achieve functional integration;
• Deploy different domain software in different cores-MCU core adopts CP Autosar, and deploy different domain electronic control software in multiple MCU cores respectively; The HPC core adopts Linux OS and AP Autosar middleware;
• By deploying software in different domains in different cores, the integration between multiple domains is opened horizontally, and the communication between the underlying hardware, operating system (CP autosar, Linux OS), middleware (AP autosar), protocol stack and application software is opened vertically.
• Support FOTA, planning some comfort functions will support SOA.

GEEP4.0 software platform (Source: Great Wall Motor Technology Sharing Salon)

4. Tucki X-EEA3.0

In November 2021, Xpeng Motors released the Tucki G9 at the Guangzhou Auto Show, which is scheduled to be listed in 2022; The car adopts Tucki’s brand-new X-EEA 3.0 architecture. At present, the official customs of Tucki has not revealed too many specific technical details. The author has compiled the following information for your reference:

• Hardware architecture:Central supercomputing+regional control;
• The software platform architecture is divided into three layers.System software platform, basic software platform and intelligent application platform;
• Communication architecture:Adopt gigabit Ethernet communication;
• Data schema:Realize non-inductive OTA- The domain controllers all control the memory in partition isolation, one area is used for upgrading and the other area is used for normal operation of vehicles; Therefore, even when the vehicle is driving normally, OTA upgrade of new functions can still be carried out at the same time;
• Power architecture:The power supply of electrical equipment is controllable, and intelligent and accurate power distribution is carried out according to user scenarios, which reduces unnecessary power waste and optimizes the use of electricity.

Third, the impact of the upgrade of EE architecture

1. Reshaping the supply chain system

Under the traditional distributed architecture, the software is highly coupled with ECU. OEM has a strong dependence on Tier1, which is dominant, and the software and hardware are directly supplied to OEM by packaging. The industrial chain is relatively simple, with software product suppliers/chip suppliers (Tier2) in the upstream, component integrators (Tier1) in the midstream, and vehicle integration plants (OEMs) in the downstream.

With the upgrading and transformation of electronic and electrical architecture, the hardware is gradually standardized, the software is separated from the hardware, and the software and hardware are decoupled, making it a reality to define the automobile by software. Therefore, OEM’s ability to master software-defined cars has become more intense, and they hope to gradually regain the long-awaited "dominance" from Tier1.

To this end, enterprising OEMs began to set up software teams to improve their software research and development capabilities, but there is still a long way to go. In this context, some people have seen the strong demand of car companies for the "self-developed and controllable" cooperation mode, so a new species-Tier 1.5 has emerged, which can support the customization of OEM products upwards and integrate and integrate Tier2 resources downwards, in order to get a share of this "dominance" battle.

At the same time, in order to maintain its dominant position, the traditional Tier1 has also started to vertically integrate and build the R&D capability of the whole stack of software and hardware, transforming from a component supplier to a system solution provider, that is, upgrading from Tier1 to Tier0.5-it can not only provide OEM with software and hardware integrated products, but also provide full-process services from pre-technical research and development to post-data sharing, hoping to maintain a "close" relationship with OEM.

2. Changes in the industry competition pattern

At present, enterprises engaged in research and development of advanced EE architecture can be roughly divided into three categories: vehicle enterprises, Tier1 and technology companies. Vehicle companies have a strong motivation to master the core technology and component dominance of centralized EE architecture, because they have already seen the benefits that this dominance brings to Tesla. However, in the short term, there are still a few vehicle companies that can realize all the self-research of these technologies and components. Most vehicle manufacturers will still rely on Tier1, technology companies and other suppliers to complete it together.

The development project of the vehicle electronic and electrical architecture is complex and the technical link is long. Only the players in the industrial chain can cooperate with each other in each link, give full play to their respective advantages, and form a joint force to achieve the effect that 1+1 is greater than 2. Only in this way can we help the whole vehicle enterprises to complete the upgrading of the architecture more quickly.

For OEM, we will choose the cooperation mode that suits us according to our actual situation:

1) For head car companies with strong R&D capabilities, such as Tesla, they will choose self-research in key core areas such as chip, operating system, middleware and domain controller system integration, while outsourcing some hardware production.

Secondly, the automatic driving perception algorithm is relatively complicated. Even some head car companies will choose to jointly develop the perception algorithm with software companies with strong strength in the industry. In this process, most of them will also learn from teachers, gradually improve their perceptual algorithm ability, and finally move closer to the goal of self-research in the whole stack.

2) For car companies with relatively weak software research and development capabilities, it is necessary to distinguish what is common and what is individual. Considering its own research and development strength and cost pressure, the common part can only be strategically abandoned and handed over to the right supplier to help it complete the development; For the part of personality, you need to do your best to differentiate and create your own brand power. For example, a domain controller or a central computing platform needs Tier1 or a software company with full-stack R&D capability to help it gradually open in layers, and then do personalized and differentiated development at the application layer.

At present, the demand of the main engine factory is personalized and diversified, and most of them tend to ask suppliers for customized development according to their own needs. At the same time, OEM is also trying to improve its own software development ability; In the long run, for Tier1 and the technology companies that intend to do Tier1, it is a general trend that the development rights of some software functions of domain controllers or central computing platforms are "taken back" by OEMs. Therefore, Tier1 and technology companies are also striving to build full-stack technology research and development capabilities for software and hardware to avoid becoming "hardware foundries" for OEMs.

3. The new opportunities brought by the upward breakthrough of EE architecture

In the critical period when intelligent driving entered the second half of the competition, OEM began to upgrade its electronic and electrical architecture to cope with the development of automobile intelligence and networking. In this critical time window, whoever can help OEM to take the lead in realizing the rapid replacement and iterative upgrade of hardware modularity, as well as the portability and maximum reuse of software modules, will win the favor of the OEM and gain a foothold in the new market.

The so-called times make heroes, so which types are more likely to appear "heroes" on the "new outlet"? The author judges that there will be the following types:

1) Dali AI Chip Company-the electronic and electrical architecture is developing rapidly towards domain centralization and central domain control. For OEMs, the choice of high-performance Dali computing platform is a top priority. Therefore, the suppliers of large computing chips will usher in a growing market space. In particular, some chip companies that have recently grown up in China-open system solutions, ability to understand localized scenes, and good engineering supporting services are their current advantages.

2) Domain Controller Integrator-With the upgrading of the electronic and electrical architecture of the whole vehicle, the penetration rate of domain controllers has been promoted, and the emerging market of domain controllers will have great growth space in the future. Domain controller integrators with reliable product quality, which can also greatly save costs and shorten the development cycle for OEMs, will usher in an opportunity for development.

3) Supplier of basic software platform-For the OEM with weak software power, there is no need to re-develop the common part of the basic software platform, because it will not be perceived by consumers. Therefore, you can choose to give this part to the appropriate basic software platform supplier, which can not only reduce your development difficulty and cost, but also use your own manpower and financial resources for the key personalized development part; It is conducive to shortening the product development cycle and bringing it to market as soon as possible.

4. What are the challenges to realize the central computing+regional control architecture?

1. The bottom "chip" foundation determines the height of the upper "architecture"

High-order autonomous driving requires more and more computing power. Carrying chips with more advanced process and stronger performance has become the primary problem to be considered in architecture design, because the mass production time of the planned chips will affect the landing time of the architecture scheme.

When designing the central computing+regional architecture, the central computing platform needs to meet the needs and characteristics of all domains at the same time. Therefore, it needs more powerful chips and a combination of various operating systems. The biggest challenge is to select the available chips. However, at present, there are no mass-produced chips that can meet the requirements of several functional domains at the same time, so most OEMs still adopt the scheme of piecing together multiple chips:

1) Vehicle control system: Generally, MCU is adopted, which runs mature Classic AUTOSAR basic software, which requires high real-time performance and safety level, but its computing power and storage are limited.

2) Intelligent cockpit and intelligent driving field need high-performance and powerful SoC chips, and also need to run complex operating systems, supplemented by middleware.

Secondly, there are more and more players in the field of in-vehicle with high computing power and high performance chips, and the iteration speed of chips is getting faster and faster. If the whole technical architecture needs to be reconstructed every time the chips are replaced, it will seriously affect the development speed of new products. Therefore, the central computing platform needs to have good expansibility, not only a unified sensor and peripheral interface, but also good chip compatibility.

2. Software Capability and Software Team Building

Software capability At present, the mainstream functional domain architecture can be divided into five domains: body domain, chassis domain, power domain, intelligent cockpit domain and autopilot domain. In the process of developing to a centralized architecture, cross-domain integration is inevitable, such as integrating the body domain, chassis domain and power domain into a vehicle control domain, and the ultimate goal in the future is to integrate all functional domains into a central brain. In this development process, not only need to build a large number of software function service capabilities; At the same time, powerful software capabilities are needed to cope with the system collaboration among the underlying real-time operating system, AUTOSAR and other key software modules.

Another embodiment of software capability is that OTA, especially FOTA, requires OEM to have strong software development capability and be able to develop the control software of the underlying executive parts, so as to truly realize the function or performance of software-defined cars.

In 2018, the American Consumer Report magazine pointed out that Model3 had serious problems in emergency braking at high speed. When Model3 is driving at 60 mph, its braking distance is about 46.3 meters, which is higher than other models in the same class. To solve this problem, Model 3 upgrades the firmware by pushing it remotely. The end result is that the emergency braking distance of Model3 is shortened by about 6.1 meters through OTA.

The hardware of the Model 3 braking system is Bosch’s iBooster, but the electric control software at the bottom is developed by Tesla, so the characteristics of the brake pedal can be adjusted through OTA upgrade, that is, the braking force can be optimally distributed during the whole braking process by adjusting the braking response curve, thus shortening the braking distance.

Software team building- If OEM wants to realize the real software-defined car, that is, most functions and performances of the car are defined by itself, then its own research and development ability, especially the software research and development ability, will be a big test. Now powerful OEMs are setting up software R&D teams on a large scale, and software developers are obviously in short supply in the talent market. Even if you are willing to "seduce" with high salary and options, it is difficult to "set" the right talents. At the same time, the management and coordination of software teams are also complicated, which is where traditional OEMs need to carry out intensive learning again.

3. The problem of organizational system

Traditional OEM has a R&D team, a product system and a supply chain system that have been gradually built and improved for many years. However, there will be more things to consider and worry about when the whole vehicle EE architecture changes, such as the reusability of the original production line, the compatibility of the architecture with the huge product line, and the supply chain problems around the world.

A major feature of the centralized architecture is that the computing power is concentrated in the center. In this case, many ecus will definitely be cut off. If a large number of ECU’s are cut off in the car, it is a matter of life and death for employees who rely on these parts and related suppliers. If they can’t make internal and external adjustments, it will be difficult for the new architecture to be promoted and implemented quickly.

To some extent, the traditional OEM has become a "double-edged sword" by virtue of the advantages of supply chain and product system accumulated over the years, and it has begun to hinder them from carrying out architectural innovation. Therefore, it is impossible for them to "cut across the board" when carrying out the structural reform, completely demolish the previous scheme and switch to the new E/E architecture. They can only use the existing resources to make a gradual transition and evolution, and gradually improve their own software R&D capabilities and change their R&D organizational structure to adapt to the new R&D process.

The new forces that build cars have no concerns in this regard, and they can start from scratch. Although it doesn’t accumulate as many past resources as traditional OEM, and it doesn’t have the previous historical burden, it can make new attempts without scruple.

Therefore, from this point of view, the huge organizational system of traditional OEMs has really held them back.

References:

1. How did Neusoft Ruichi start the "future battle" in the second half of the decisive battle for intelligent driving?

https://mp.weixin.qq.com/s/2xl36RUBYqcIz3qEe3nlKw

2. Fully open the standard API interface. Great Wall Motor’s new electronic and electrical architecture creates an open service ecosystem.

https://mp.weixin.qq.com/s/jJvwOAx7wS3VSaDOjbDjeg

3. Analyze the electronic and electrical architecture of Xpeng Motors X-EEA 3.0 better than you think.

https://mp.weixin.qq.com/s/O1evq-Qx4WddEX-Tz4SYWA

4. After the popularity of functional domain architecture, regional architecture may be widely used in 2023-2025.

https://mp.weixin.qq.com/s/xvvG_cuhbGplBHN3taWOAg

5. What is the core of a software-defined car? Talk about the new generation Tesla electronic and electrical architecture

http://www.eeaconference.com/news/751649/

6. Talking about Tesla’s EEA

https://mp.weixin.qq.com/s/-cJUCXh8SviiGege8dXR7A

7. Vehicle architecture reform, domestic domain controller manufacturers welcome development opportunities (securities report)

https://new.qq.com/omn/20211102/20211102A030EP00.html

8. SAIC Zero Beam Zeng Jienan: Cloud-tube integrated central computing platform solution

https://new.qq.com/omn/20211102/20211102A030EP00.html

9. SAIC Zero Beam and Chuangshi jointly developed the Galaxy Full Stack 3.0 cabin driving integrated HPC.

https://mp.weixin.qq.com/s/nGjrX8iYhT-J1DN5loBy3A

10. Open a new era of "software-defined automobile", and analyze the new "Spirit architecture" of GAC’s safety.

https://mp.weixin.qq.com/s/7A-SBO3kp8bGoI-oW99qlg

11. Smart car architecture analysis

The picture comes from the Internet.

　　Driverless technology is desirable and full of worries.

　　At some moments, people will be excited and look forward to driverless technology, because the core of this technology is to replace human drivers with stable and accurate machines. One day, driverless driving may make all kinds of dangerous driving factors disappear. However, sometimes, people are afraid of driverless technology, because using immature technology on public roads does make people feel nervous. When will driverless cars develop by leaps and bounds and when will they be ready to go on the road?

　　Recently, the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology issued the Action Plan for Industrial Development of the Internet of Vehicles (Intelligent Networked Vehicles) (hereinafter referred to as the Action Plan), which aroused widespread concern. The Action Plan proposes that by 2020, a breakthrough will be made in the cross-industry integration of the car networking (intelligent networked cars) industry. What are the barriers to the development of the car networking in China at present? In the Action Plan, it is specifically pointed out that to speed up the key core technologies of intelligent networked vehicles, what are the core technologies? What are the specific support measures in the Action Plan? In response to these hot issues, the reporter interviewed relevant industry experts.

????Developing car networking is a good opportunity for overtaking in corners in China.

　　What is an intelligent networked car?

　　Li Keqiang, director of Tsinghua University Intelligent Networked Automobile and Transportation Research Center, said that intelligent networked automobile refers to the organic combination of the Internet of Vehicles and smart cars. It is equipped with advanced on-board sensors, controllers, actuators and other devices, and integrates modern communication and network technologies to realize the exchange and sharing of intelligent information between vehicles and people, roads, clouds, etc. It has the functions of complex environment perception, intelligent decision-making and collaborative control, and can realize "safe, comfortable, energy-saving and efficient" driving.

　　"In the field of traditional automobile development, China lags far behind the West, so it is impossible to catch up in a short time. However, in terms of new energy vehicles, a great opportunity for China’s new energy vehicles is that its start is almost synchronous with that of the West in terms of intelligent technology. Therefore, the development of intelligent networked vehicles is a great opportunity for China car companies to overtake in corners. The development of intelligent technology in China is very fast, and it has reached the world-class level in speech recognition and other technologies, which is a very important opportunity for China car companies. " Xu Aiping, an associate researcher at the Institute of Industrial Development of Tianjin Academy of Social Sciences, said.

　　In order to further promote the sustained and healthy development of the industry, the Action Plan proposes to achieve the goal of high-quality development of the car networking industry in stages. In the first stage, by 2020, a breakthrough will be made in the cross-industry integration of the car networking (intelligent networked cars) industry, and intelligent networked cars with high-level automatic driving function will be applied in a specific scene scale, and the penetration rate of car networking users will reach more than 30%. In the second stage, after 2020, technological innovation, standard system, infrastructure, application service and safety guarantee system will be fully completed, and intelligent networked cars with high-level automatic driving function and 5G-V2X will gradually realize large-scale commercial applications, and "people-vehicles-roads-clouds" will achieve high synergy.

????Technology, industry and policy restrict the development of vehicle networking.

　　The rapid development of the market does not mean that the ecological construction of the Internet of Vehicles is mature. What are the difficulties between ideal and reality?

　　"At present, China’s car networking industry has entered the fast lane, technological innovation is increasingly active, new applications are booming, and industrial scale is expanding. However, there are also problems such as key core technologies to be broken, industrial ecology to be improved, and policies and regulations to be improved." The head of the Science and Technology Department of the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology said.

　　"China’s intelligent networked automobile industry foundation and technology research and development are relatively weak, especially in the fields of vehicle research and development, sensors, computing platforms, etc., and the relevant standards, laws and regulations are relatively lagging behind, and the intelligent development of road traffic is later than that of developed countries abroad." Wang Gang, director of the Beijing Economic and Information Technology Commission, said.

　　Taking Beijing as an example, Wang Gang pointed out that in the process of promoting the development of intelligent networked automobile industry, some key problems still need to be solved: in terms of intelligent networked automobile core electronic devices, on-board intelligent software and hardware platforms, etc., it is necessary to further improve the control ability of key technologies.

　　"At the same time, the traditional automobile manufacturing industry has limitations in the accumulation of intelligent networked automobile technology and product research and development, and the manufacturing capacity of new intelligent automobiles is still insufficient. The integration and collaboration between traditional automobile design and manufacturing and computing, communications and other industries also need to be strengthened. More importantly, intelligent transportation needs to strengthen overall planning, and needs to unify standards and enhance capabilities in intelligent road networks, cloud management and cloud control platforms, and application demonstrations. " Wang Gang said.

　　"China has both advantages and disadvantages in developing electric technology and intelligent networking technology. Strong government coordination, large investment in infrastructure construction, and a good foundation of internet technology and communication technology are the advantages; The weak technical foundation and the policy environment are not conducive to technological innovation, which is the disadvantage. " Dong Yang, executive vice president of China Automobile Industry Association, said.

????Vigorously support the key technologies of wireless communication networks

　　The head of the Science and Technology Department of the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology pointed out that the Action Plan put forward five key tasks on the basis of in-depth research. The first aspect is to break through key technologies and promote industrialization.

　　"We propose to make full use of all kinds of innovative resources, accelerate the development and application of key parts and systems of intelligent networked vehicles, and promote the construction of intelligent networked vehicle decision-making control platform. Vigorously support the research and development and industrialization of key technologies of wireless communication networks such as LTE-V2X and 5G-V2X, and comprehensively build a vehicle networking architecture that combines communication and computing. " The person in charge said.

　　"The key to intelligent networked cars is intelligence, the essence of which is cars. It is characterized by the networking of communication infrastructure, provided that traffic is safe, smooth and efficient." Li Shufu, chairman of Geely Holding Group, said that to achieve the above goals, we must pay attention to information security and privacy protection, vulnerability discovery and emergency remedy, traffic safety and malicious control, network boundary and system autonomy. Among them, the operating system is the core component of the intelligent networked car and the brain of the whole car, which is very important.

　　Sun Fengchun, an academician of China Academy of Engineering and an expert on vehicle electrification, stressed that China Intelligent Networked Vehicle still has a long way to go. Intelligent networked cars on the road, or to achieve automatic driving, the prerequisite is that cars must be highly intelligent, but manufacturing highly intelligent cars is a gradual process; Secondly, intelligent networked vehicles based on new energy vehicles are China’s development strategy, and the network needs to be built well, and the construction of the network can not be completed overnight.

????Automotive, electronics, communications and other fields need collaborative innovation.

　　How to ensure the implementation of the Action Plan?

　　The person in charge of the Science and Technology Department of the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology said that the Action Plan sorts out the policies and measures for the development of the car networking industry, and puts forward specific safeguard measures from six aspects: strengthening organizational leadership, increasing policy support, building an industrial ecosystem, optimizing the industrial development environment, improving the personnel training system, and promoting international, Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan exchanges and cooperation.

　　"At present, the core technologies and testing standards of China’s intelligent networked vehicles are still not perfect, and the organic integration of standards between different industries still needs to be strengthened. Mechanisms in information security, open sharing, and operational supervision have not yet been fully established. " Luo Junjie, deputy director of the Equipment Industry Department of the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, said that these problems are also challenges that the development of global intelligent networked vehicles needs to face together.

　　Luo Junjie said that on the one hand, it needs collaborative innovation in the fields of automobiles, electronics, communications and the Internet; On the other hand, it is also necessary for major automobile producing countries in the world to join hands to strengthen exchanges and cooperation in intelligent networked automobile policies, technologies, standards and regulations. Under the framework of international organizations such as WP29 and ISO, especially with the help of the newly established self-driving vehicle working group under WP29, the key technologies of autonomous driving will be accelerated and relevant standards and regulations will be formulated.

　　"On the question of how car companies can make good use of the existing industrial subsidy policy, I think it is better to remind China car companies to pay more attention to their own R&D investment. Modern car companies have established a strong R&D system with enterprises as the main body in order to survive for a long time. Like Ford, Mercedes-Benz, etc., they invested a lot of money in research and development and formed an independent and controllable core technology system to survive in the fierce market competition. " Xu Aiping said. (Reporter Ma Aiping)

In the past, when holding a budget of 400,000 yuan, many people would consider BMW 3 Series, mercedes benz c Class or Audi Q5L. After all, these models have the blessing of luxury brands, and they have a face when driving out and a good car experience. However, nowadays, independent brands are also rising, and the strength of domestic cars cannot be ignored. In addition, our consumers are now more rational when buying a car, paying attention to economy, practicality and comfort, rather than simply paying attention to the brand. For example, when I bought a car six months ago, I didn’t stick to Mercedes-Benz, BMW and Audi. Instead, I considered many domestic cars and chose Tengshi D9 hybrid MPV according to my actual needs. There are two reasons why I choose this car: on the one hand, I pay attention to the cost of using the car, and Tengshi D9 hybrid car can effectively reduce the use cost, and it will not have the endurance anxiety like pure electric vehicles; On the other hand, Tengshi D9 is MPV structure with spacious interior space, which can meet the needs of six people in my family traveling at the same time.

I have been driving Tengshi D9 for six months since I picked up the car, and I am quite satisfied with this car on the whole. When the battery is fully charged, the power of Tengshi D9 is smooth and the use cost is not high. In addition, the space in the car is also very spacious, which meets my car selection needs. The only problem is that this car is highly dependent on battery power. Once the battery power is reduced, the power of the 1.5T engine will not be enough, and I will be less confident when climbing or accelerating rapidly, and the use cost will also increase. Especially recently, my friend and I switched to a GAC Toyota Saina, and after experiencing this joint venture MPV with a price similar to Tengshi D9, I realized that among the 400,000-class MPVs, GAC Toyota Saina is the real "king".

Let’s take a brief look at the prices of these two models. The guide price of Tengshi D9 is 335,800-465,800, of which the top model price of DM hybrid model has reached 445,800, while the guide price of GAC Toyota Saina is 309,800-411,800. In my impression, joint venture cars are usually priced higher than domestic cars. After all, in order to enhance their competitiveness, domestic car companies often spend their time on price and enhance their competitiveness through low prices. However, Tengshi D9 and GAC Toyota Saina are just the opposite. Although Tengshi D9 is a domestic car, its price is more expensive. In addition, Guangzhou Automobile Toyota Saina has been recognized by consumers. Since its listing in October 2021, it has sold more than 100,000 vehicles, ranking the leading position in the MPV market.

When I saw GAC Toyota Saina at first sight, I felt that this car should be suitable for everyday use. Because the appearance of GAC Toyota Saina is fashionable and exquisite, it is not easy to be considered as a driver when driving this car out. The front face of this car is designed in sections, and the upper part is connected with headlights on both sides by black trim+chrome trim. The whole lamp group looks like a blade and looks young and sharp. The lower part adopts a larger trapezoidal grille with chrome decoration inside, which ensures the gas field and looks exquisite at the same time. In contrast, the front grille area of Tengshi D9 occupies almost the whole front face, and the gas field is really strong, but it is too commercial, and it is easy to be considered as a driver when driving out.

After getting into the car, I found that the cockpit design of GAC Toyota Saina is also very young, and the sense of technology is not lost to many new models. The central control screen adopts suspended design, the size reaches 12.3 inches, and the size of the full LCD instrument panel also reaches 12.3 inches. The combination of the two is naturally futuristic. The center console has a sense of design, and the panel in front of the co-pilot is well-defined and looks not monotonous. The middle aisle does not adopt a completely through design. If you only look at the interior, you may mistakenly think that this is the cockpit of an SUV. GAC Toyota Saina is also equipped with 9 airbags, 11.6-inch rear entertainment screen, segmented electric sunroof and other configurations, which are comparable to Tengshi D9.

For an MPV, the most important thing is the seating space in the back row. GAC Toyota Saina’s performance in this respect is no less than Tengshi D9, or even better. The length and wheelbase of this car reach 5165mm and 3060mm respectively, and there is no pressure to accommodate 7 seats in the car. In addition, the second row of seats also has 816mm slide rails, which can adjust the seat position according to the actual needs of passengers. When I need to travel with my family, I can adjust the second row of seats to a moderate position to provide spacious activity space for the third row of passengers. When only my wife and children go out, I can slide the second row of seats backwards to create a spacious four-seat space. In addition, the third row of seats in this car can also be laid down and hidden under the trunk floor, expanding the trunk volume to 2112L L.

Let’s talk about the driving experience. GAC Toyota Saina is also a hybrid MPV, equipped with THS II Toyota’s fourth-generation 2.5L large-capacity hybrid system, which can provide consistent power output and low fuel consumption in various travel scenarios without additional charging. In actual driving, I found that the power performance of GAC Toyota Saina was better than Tengshi D9. Because the power system of this car consists of a 2.5L engine and a motor, the engine has a larger displacement and is assisted by the motor, so it feels continuous and abundant power when driving. Even at high speed, when the speed reaches 100km/h and acceleration is needed, this car can provide stable acceleration performance.

In addition, GAC Toyota Saina adopts the former McPherson independent suspension and the rear E-type multi-link independent suspension, and is built on the TNGA platform, which has the low chassis characteristics endowed by the TNGA platform, making the body posture more stable while driving. The chassis can effectively reduce vibration when passing through potholes or speed bumps, and passengers will not feel too much bumps. When driving in corners, the chassis shows good toughness, giving people a very "advanced" feeling. Such chassis adjustment is very common in high-end cars, but relatively rare in MPV, which requires car companies to have profound chassis adjustment technology to achieve. As for the car cost, the car’s fuel consumption per 100 kilometers is less than 6L, and the average fuel consumption per kilometer is only more than 3Mao. For an MPV, the car cost is very low.

After driving the Guangzhou Automobile Toyota Tournament for six months, I found that Tengshi D9 was far behind Guangzhou Automobile Toyota Tournament. These two models are very different in appearance. Tengshi D9 is more like a commercial vehicle, while GAC Toyota Saina is suitable for home use and can also highlight the young model of the owner. In terms of space flexibility, cockpit safety and power fuel consumption, GAC Toyota Saina also has certain advantages. In actual use, there is no need to consider the problem of charging, and it is more convenient. At the same time, GAC Toyota has been ranked first in sales/after-sales service satisfaction for 10 consecutive years, and the comprehensive service experience is definitely more secure than that of its own brand and new power models. Therefore, compared with Tengshi D9, GAC Toyota Race is the real king.

　　　　Since the beginning of this year, only three of the 121 stock funds have outperformed the Shanghai and Shenzhen 300 Index. In the past year (from September 18, 2006 to September 17, 2007), only two stock funds have outperformed the Shanghai and Shenzhen 300 Index.

　　　　"Is the Shanghai and Shenzhen 300 really hard to beat?" According to insiders of fund companies, recently, a group of fund managers discussed this "strange phenomenon" with great anxiety at the party.

　　　　Funds can’t outrun the Shanghai and Shenzhen 300.

　　　　In the past year, only two equity funds, Huaxia Market Selection and China Post Entrepreneurship Core Optimization, outperformed the Shanghai and Shenzhen 300 Index, rising by 309.87% and 309.48% respectively. In the same period, the Shanghai and Shenzhen 300 Index rose by 303.64%, while the Shanghai Composite Index rose by 215%.

　　　　From the beginning of this year to September 17th, only three equity funds outperformed the Shanghai and Shenzhen 300 Index, namely, China Market Select (up 205.31%), China Post Core Preferred (up 193.90%) and Everbright Prudential Bonus (up 166.67%). In the same period, the Shanghai and Shenzhen 300 Index rose from 2,041.05 points to 5,498.91 points, with an increase of 169.42%, while the Shanghai Composite Index rose by 102.63%.

　　　　Observing the awkward positions of these three funds, we can find that as of June 30, the second largest awkward position in China’s market selection was *ST Guangsha. At the end of 2006, *ST Guangsha had not yet entered the fund portfolio, but by the mid-2007, the position of Huaxia Market had rapidly increased to 10,699,400 shares, which was just the middle of the big band in which *ST Guangsha rose from 6 yuan to 15 yuan.

　　　　From *ST Guangsha, baoshan iron & steel, China Southern Airlines and China Storage Co., Ltd. to Taiyuan Heavy Industry Co., Ltd., China’s market selection is neither greedy nor urgent, and only eats the middle paragraph of the market. The most typical one is Taiyuan Heavy Industry, which opened a position near 6 yuan around June 2006, and got away with it when it rose to 9 yuan.

　　　　The optimization of China Post’s entrepreneurial core and the dividend of China Everbright Prudential are typical inverted pyramid operations. In the first half of this year, China Post’s entrepreneurial core gradually increased its position in CONCH and completely ate the stock’s market from 28 yuan to 60 yuan.

　　　　Is underperforming the broader market due to the high performance benchmark?

　　　　Faced with the embarrassment that the whole fund industry has underperformed the broader market, are fund managers really exhausted in Jiang Lang?

　　　　"In fact, on the whole, the performance of the fund sector is still above average. The reason why it underperformed the broader market is mainly because the performance appraisal benchmark is too high." Zhou Liang, research manager of Lipper China, told the Financial Weekly reporter that if the performance of the Shanghai Composite Index is compared, the performance of most equity funds is beyond the broader market.

　　　　From the beginning of this year to September 17th, the Shanghai Composite Index rose from 2,675.47 points to 5,421.39 points, an increase of 102.63%. In the same period, data from Galaxy Securities showed that 78 of the 121 equity funds had a net growth rate that exceeded that of the Shanghai Composite Index. All 16 index funds outperformed the Shanghai Composite Index, ranking first among all types of funds with an average net growth rate of 139.32%. Of the 57 partial stock funds, 31 were up to standard, with an average growth rate of 114.14%.

　　　　But if calculated by Shenzhen Component Index, the confidence of fund managers will be gone. Statistics show that since the beginning of this year, the Shenzhen Component Index has risen from 6,647.14 points to 18,499.38 points, an increase of 178%. During this period, among the equity funds, only two funds, selected by Huaxia Market and optimized by China Post, reached the standard, and only E Fund SZSE 100TEF exceeded this level. The hybrid fund is completely annihilated, and its performance is lower than this level, whether it is partial stock, balanced or partial debt.

　　　　Zhou Liang believes that since the beginning of this year, the sudden emergence of Shenzhen market has boosted the growth rate of the whole A-share market. However, for the sake of controlling risks, fund companies have not increased their positions in Shenzhen, making their performance weaker than that of the Shanghai and Shenzhen 300 Index, which combines the performance of Shenzhen and Shanghai markets.

　　　　Institutional game competition upgrade

　　　　"If we must find the reason from the performance of the fund, the intensified competition in the A-share market may be an important reason." Zhou Liang told reporters that during the bear market from 2002 to 2004, the net value shrinkage rate of most funds was less than the decline of the stock index, and some funds even made small profits during this period by tapping the "five golden flowers" and "blue chip concept".

　　　　"In the bear market, the net shrinkage rate is less than the performance benchmark, which is also considered to outperform the market. However, it is increasingly difficult to ask the fund to surpass the market now, because the investor structure of A shares has undergone fundamental changes. " Zhou Liang said.

　　　　According to the data of Galaxy Securities, as of June 30, 2007, the net assets of 347 funds in the A-share market totaled 1,799.073 billion yuan, of which the net assets of stock-oriented funds reached 1,671.120 billion yuan, accounting for 31.25% of the circulating market value of Shanghai and Shenzhen A-shares.

　　　　Zhou Liang believes that before 2005, fund assets accounted for a relatively small proportion of the circulating market value of A-shares, and the main competitors of funds were retail investors. However, with the extraordinary growth of fund scale in recent two years, it has evolved into a game between funds. As a result, it is becoming more and more difficult to beat the market.

　　　　Reduce the shareholding ratio under the fear of high valuation

　　　　"You know it’s a dangerous game, but you have to play it." Not long ago, the investment director of a joint venture fund company privately commented on the current A-share market.

　　　　"Take China Aluminum as an example, its stock market value has exceeded 700 billion yuan, which is equivalent to 90 billion US dollars, which is 3.3 times that of Alcoa, the largest aluminum company in the world. "Alcoa’s average P/E ratio is about 11 times, and Chinalco’s P/E ratio is already 50 times. I don’t know which valuation method can support such a price." The person said.

　　　　It will be a long-term trend for savings to "move" to the stock market through funds. This forced fund managers with huge sums of money to "wander around" in all sectors of the stock market, and at the same time promoted this sector to become a "valuation highland", it also made that sector a "value depression", and so on, gradually raising the value center of the whole market.

　　　　"It’s like wearing three shirts in turn. There is always one that is relatively clean, but the shirt will be washed sooner or later." A fund manager of a company headquartered in Beijing Financial Street told reporters that although the reason told him that the overall valuation of the A-share market was high, he had to look for the so-called "value depression" due to performance pressure.

　　　　The fund manager believes that fearing the high P/E ratio of A shares and reducing the shareholding ratio is also a reason why some funds failed to outperform the Shanghai and Shenzhen 300.

　　　　Retail investors or trigger chain redemption

　　　　Zhang Hongji, general manager of Linfen Jiuxin Investment, believes that the same investment philosophy and the investment model derived from it have led to the increasingly serious phenomenon of similar fund positions. Once the stock market turns and fund investors redeem it on a large scale, the fund industry is in danger of breaking the capital chain.

　　　　"Now that the market has risen to 5,400 points, and the increase has exceeded 400% in two years, it is necessary for investors to properly consider the risks caused by adjustment." Zhang Hongji believes that the retail of fund investors may trigger an unexpected chain reaction in the stock market.

　　　　At present, fund positions have accounted for more than 30% of the total market value of A-shares. The redemption of a fund is very likely to lead to the decline of a stock, which in turn will cause the loss of the net value of other funds and trigger a larger redemption.

　　　　The European fable that a nail destroys a country is likely to be a portrayal of the future of the A-share market, Zhang Hongji believes.

　　　　Zhou Liang suggested that "investors with very high risk requirements can consider playing new funds and bond funds." (Reporter Xiao Yang)

Editor: Zhao Xuanxuan

BMW’s best-selling luxury car, the 5 Series, has finally been replaced, and this time BMW rarely chose to launch both oil and electricity at the same time.

On November 17th, BMW’s eighth generation BMW 5 Series was officially unveiled at Guangzhou Auto Show, including the world’s first BMW 5 Series long wheelbase version and pure electric model i5.

The 5 Series is one of the few luxury cars in the global market with a production capacity of more than 10 million vehicles, and has long held the top position in the luxury car market in China.

Since entering the China market, the sales volume of the 5 Series has exceeded 2 million, and the seventh-generation 5 Series has sold 530,000 vehicles in the past three years.

Gao Xiang, President and CEO of BMW Group Greater China, praised the BMW 5 Series as "the most successful model of BMW Group in China" in Chinese at the Guangzhou Auto Show.

Leifeng. com’s "New Smart Drive" understands that BMW attaches great importance to the release of the new 5 Series this time, because it is not only related to BMW’s re-declaration of its market position in domestic medium and large luxury cars, but also the key battle for BMW to define pure electric luxury cars.

How do traditional luxury brands, led by BMW, choose between "replacement" products?

Family-style design is not a simple doll, but a "fine decoration" on the premise of retaining recognizable elements.

On the eighth generation BMW 5 Series, you can see BMW’s most recognizable kidney grille, angel eye headlights and Hough’s corner.

However, the kidney grille on the front face of BMW’s new 5 Series is wider and almost vertical than the previous generation, and the design of angel eye headlights is also simpler. At the corner of Huo’s corner, BMW also designed a bright logo with the number "5", which will also produce a blue breathing effect when charging the pure electric model i5.

In terms of body size, the eighth generation BMW 5 Series is divided into standard wheelbase version and long wheelbase version. Among them, the long-wheelbase version has a car length of 5175mm and a wheelbase of 3105mm, which is the ceiling of similar models.

In terms of interior, BMW has delegated many configurations unique to the flagship 7 Series to the 5 Series, such as the embracing interactive light strip in the car, the two-row suspended giant screen and the crystal-textured components.

When domestic car companies roll refrigerators, color TVs and big sofas, the domestic long-wheelbase version of the new 5 Series directly upgraded the "color TV" to a "cinema", equipped with a 31-inch, 8K resolution floating giant screen of the same model as the 7 Series.

It is worth mentioning that this configuration of suspended giant screen was specially customized by BMW for users in China, and it was not installed on the overseas version of the 5 Series.

In terms of intelligence, BBA was often complained by consumers that its ability was far less than that of domestic independent brands. However, this time BMW officially got on the L2+ intelligent driver assistance system on the new 5 Series, and introduced an automatic lane change function with line-of-sight confirmation.

This function is based on capturing the driver’s eyes and head movements. When the lane change conditions are met, the driver only needs to look at the left/right rearview mirror to realize the lane change in the corresponding direction.

Of course, there are restrictions on driving range and speed, and the restrictions must be met on high-speed and closed roads, and the driving speed is 60 km/h and 180 km/h.

BMW team members told Leifeng. com’s "New Smart Driving" that the styles of intelligent assisted driving systems of different car companies may be different, some emphasizing convenience and some emphasizing safety. In contrast, BMW’s style is really conservative, because in their eyes, "safety" has a higher priority.

It is reported that BMW China’s R&D team is carrying out localization research and development of L3-class autonomous driving, and the new 5-Series long wheelbase version actually has L3 capability in technology.

In addition to the improvement in appearance, interior and intelligence, the biggest highlight of this generation of 5 Series is the introduction of both fuel and pure electric vehicles in the China market.

The fuel version of BMW 5 Series is equipped with an in-line four-cylinder turbocharged engine and adopts 48V light mixing technology, with a maximum power of 190 kW and a peak torque of 400 Nm, which makes this model have a stronger and more efficient power output.

Pure electric vehicle-BMW i5 adopts the fifth-generation BMW eDrive electric drive technology and BMW’s latest charging technology, and its long wheelbase version has a cruising range of more than 700 kilometers.

In terms of handling experience, speeding up faster than fuel vehicles has always been one of the skills of electric vehicles.

In order to enable drivers to have the driving experience of a sports car while driving a medium and large car, BMW introduced the M model (the highest-end performance model in BMW) into the pure electric i5 for the first time. Press the Sport Boost button and step on the accelerator, and the output torque of the dual motors can reach 820 Nm, achieving zero acceleration in 3.8 seconds.

Although this model is not the best in the industry, it is the first among the products sold by BMW.

Abandoning fuel vehicles and all in pure electricity is not only a matter of cutting off the left hand or the right hand, whether for high-end brands like BMW and Mercedes-Benz or for global brands like Volkswagen and Toyota.

Most car companies choose both fuel and pure electric vehicles, trying to use this product matrix to smoothly transition from the fuel era to the pure electric era.

Of the BBA three, BMW was the first to choose "self-revolution" and made a military order. In 2021, BMW set a more detailed goal of turning to the pure electric market:

In 2023, 12 pure electric vehicles will be provided in 90% market segments.

It is estimated that by 2025, the annual sales of pure electric vehicles of the Group will be more than 10 times that of 2020.

It is estimated that the delivery of the world’s 2 millionth pure electric vehicle will be completed by the end of 2025.

At the earnings conference call in 2022, Qi Puce, chairman of BMW Group, once again stressed that in 2023, it will go all out to electrify, with the goal of increasing the sales of pure electric vehicles to 15% of the total sales of the Group.

How about BMW’s electric progress bar in China market?

In November, 2022, BMW launched five pure electric vehicles in China: innovative BMW i7, brand-new BMW i3, BMW i4, BMW iX and BMW iX3.

Let’s look at the sales data of a group of BMW pure electric vehicles in China market in 2022: the sales volume of pure electric vehicles in 2022 was 41,886, up 91.6% year-on-year. In the global market, the total sales volume of BMW in 2022 was about 2,399,900 units, of which the sales volume of pure electric vehicles reached about 215,700 units, up by 107.7% year-on-year.

In other words, the China market contributed about 20% of pure electricity sales.

Take BMW’s best-selling entry-level model 3 Series as an example. From January to September, 2023, the domestic sales volume of fuel-powered BMW 3 Series reached 110,258, while that of pure electric BMW i3 reached 35,693. The total sales volume of the two models was 145,951, with i3 accounting for about 24%.

With the success of the i3, it is not difficult to understand BMW’s ambition to make the i5 a benchmark model for all-electric luxury cars in the world.

A person close to BMW said that BMW regards the 3 Series, 7 Series and 5 Series as the main models in China market.

At least in the China market, the 5 Series has occupied the top spot of luxury cars with a price of 400,000-500,000 for a long time.

According to the data of the Association, in 2022, with the annual sales volume of 171,142, BMW 5 Series became the first in the domestic sales list of high-end cars with a price of over 300,000 yuan, and also the first in the domestic market segment of medium and large luxury cars with a price of over 300,000 yuan.

In the fuel vehicle market, the direct competitors of BMW’s new 5 Series are Audi A6 Series and Mercedes-Benz E-Class. In the pure electric vehicle market, only the ET7 of Weilai can be compared with BMW’s new 5 Series.

Before BMW i5 entered the market, ET7 could be said to monopolize the market of more than 400,000 domestic medium and large electric cars.

The price of Weilai ET7 is 458-536,000 yuan. It comes standard with front and rear double motors, with a maximum total power of 653 horsepower and a maximum torque of 850 Nm. The fastest speed increase of zero hundred is only 3.8 seconds. In terms of intelligent hardware, ET7 adopts Qualcomm 8155 chip, and in terms of intelligent driving, it adopts four NVIDIA Orin X chips, finally reaching 1024TOPS.

At present, BMW has not announced the price range of the i5, and it will not have an official price until the model is officially launched in January 2024.

Therefore, at this stage, it is difficult to compare BMW i5 and Weilai ET7 who are more cost-effective, and who is the one who defines the pure electric luxury car.

From the details such as the new 5 Series with long wheelbase, the Chinese character "Five" designed on the front seat and the suspended giant screen specially introduced by BMW for China users, it can be seen that BMW has really made some efforts to compete for the pure tram market segment in China.

Not only that, BMW has also accelerated the laying of charging infrastructure like its own domestic brands.

In August 2023, BMW officially launched the super charging station project. High-power charging piles can support up to 600 kilowatts of charging power, and the network of super charging stations is open to all brands of electric vehicles. Within three months, the network of super charging stations will cover nine major cities including Guangzhou, and it is estimated that about 50 stations will be completed by the end of 2023.

By the end of October 2023, BMW had connected more than 580,000 public charging piles (including 320,000 DC charging piles) across the country, covering more than 320 cities.

Now everything is ready for BMW i5, except for its official listing.

(Leifeng. com(WeChat official account: Leifeng. com)Continue to pay attention to the topics related to self-research and intelligent driving of car companies. Welcome to add the author WeChat WLX_Charlene_0905 and the editor Gru1993.

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Since the beginning of this year, artificial intelligence has made breakthrough progress, and large models have shown various prosperity; In the industry, artificial intelligence has also begun to go deeper and serve more and more business scenarios.

On the one hand, artificial intelligence technology ushered in an inflection point, from perceptual understanding to content generation, from single mode to multi-mode, from dedicated to universal. On the other hand, the application of artificial intelligence has ushered in a singularity, and it is accelerating to enter the industrial production system. In the next two years, it will go deep into more than 50% of the core scenes of the industry, create trillions of dollars of new value, and gradually become the main engine of digital economic growth.

Industry intelligence is reshaping our times, and the intelligent future is accelerating.

Wang Tao, Managing Director of Huawei, Director of ICT Infrastructure Business Management Committee and President of Enterprise BG, delivered a keynote speech.

Industry intelligence faces four challenges: data, computing power, algorithm and application deployment.

However, the process of industry intelligence is not smooth sailing, and this process faces four challenges: data, computing power, algorithm and application deployment.

First of all, industry data is difficult to collect, transmit and use. Secondly, large-scale model training needs a lot of computing power, and enterprises need flexible computing power supply to meet diverse computing power needs. Thirdly, it is difficult for the basic large model to meet the accuracy requirements of enterprises, and a large number of industry large models and scene large models are needed. Finally, the business processes and business scenarios of enterprises are very complex, and how to deeply integrate AI with enterprise business is a problem that needs to be considered.

The key to speeding up the intelligentization of the industry is to make use of smart data, intelligent calculation and intelligent assignment.

In the face of the above challenges, the key to accelerating the intelligentization of the industry needs to start from three aspects: intelligent knowledge of everything, intelligent calculation of everything, and intelligent empowerment of everything.

First of all, Zhilian Everything, through intelligent perception and connection, realizes extensive collection and efficient transmission of industry data. Industry intelligence is inseparable from data, and the source of data is perception. In the past, the perception system was seven countries and eight systems, and the protocol was not unified, so the data could not be collected, collected incompletely and could not be read. In the era of intelligence, the perception system needs to be upgraded in an all-round way, so as to realize multidimensional ubiquity, open interconnection, intelligent interaction and easy-to-use intelligence.

For example, in order to realize open interconnection, HarmonyOS IOT operating system realizes data collaboration through distributed soft bus, unifies the language of sensing devices, and has the characteristics of super security, easy use and easy maintenance. HarmonyOS is moving towards various industry scenarios, and Huawei has developed "Mine Hong" for mining industry, "Dianhong" for power industry, and IOT operating systems for cities such as HarmonyOS.

Secondly, we can calculate thousands of numbers intelligently, and rely on a powerful computing base to tap the value of industry data, so that it can be varied.

The data should not only be collected completely and well, but also be connected widely and spread quickly, which requires high-quality connection to realize the intelligent connection of everything, ultra-wide flexibility, intelligence and self-control. At the same time, in the network convergence and backbone layer, the 400G/800G metropolitan area network enables enterprises to quickly connect clouds, calculate and combine intelligence, enabling "east counting and west counting", "east counting and west training" and "east counting and west saving".

Huawei’s high-quality 10 Gigabit campus network, with one network bearing the needs of office, production and Internet of Things. Extreme speed AP supports various access modes such as Wi-Fi, Bluetooth and RFID, and seamlessly connects various terminals. Intelligent SD-WAN gateway adopts optimized transport layer protocol, and the bandwidth utilization rate is increased by 8 times under the condition of 1% packet loss rate. At the same time, the end-to-end slicing network guarantees various business experiences; Network AI big model, improve predictive maintenance ability, nip in the bud, and ensure network uninterrupted and production uninterrupted.

Third, give wisdom to all industries, solve the problem that AI is difficult to land in industry scenes, realize the deep integration of various modes and industry scenes, and empower thousands of industries.

Together with its industrial partners, Huawei has jointly built an open and leading AI-based software and hardware platform, built a solid computing base in China and built a second choice for the world.

On the hardware level, based on Shengteng, Huawei and its partners have created a full range of artificial intelligence products such as modules, boards, training and push machines, servers, PoD and clusters, covering the whole scene of "cloud, edge and end". Artificial intelligence has entered the era of big model, and large computing power cluster is becoming the commanding height and core engine of artificial intelligence development.

The big computing cluster here is not a simple server stack, but a continuous breakthrough in key technologies such as computing architecture, ultra-high-speed network interconnection, large-capacity ultra-high-speed storage, and system-level ultra-high reliability.

Atlas 900 SuperCluster, a rising AI computing cluster with a new architecture, was launched.

As artificial intelligence enters the era of big model, big computing power is becoming the core engine of artificial intelligence development. Huawei changed the traditional server stacking mode, created an AI cluster with system architecture innovation, realized the integrated design of computing power, transportation capacity and storage capacity, and broke through the bottleneck of large computing power.

Facing the era of large model with trillions of parameters, Huawei launched ——Atlas 900 SuperCluster, a rising AI computing cluster with a new architecture, which can support large model training with trillions of parameters. According to insiders, it has three advantages.

First of all, it has achieved super-large scale.

Relying on Huawei’s long-term accumulation in the network field, the brand-new Huawei Xinghe AI intelligent computing switch CloudEngine XH16800 is adopted, and with its highest 800GE port capability in the industry, 18,000-card non-convergence cluster networking can be realized only by two-layer switching network.

Secondly, an innovative super-node architecture is adopted.

The cards are interconnected by 800GB high-speed bus to form a super node. Taking an 8-cabinet super node as an example, it can realize unified addressing of 544TB memory and unified scheduling of 200P FP16 computing resources. The whole cabinet adopts liquid cooling design, which realizes stronger computing power with smaller volume, and one cabinet tops two cabinets.

Thirdly, the system-level ultra-high reliability is realized.

Based on Huawei’s years of accumulation in computing, network, storage, energy and other fields, we will give full play to the comprehensive advantages at the system level, build an ultra-high and reliable training cluster, improve the reliability by 10 times, and improve the stability of large-scale model training from the sky level to the month level.

In addition, hardware enabling is the key to release large computing power, and it is also the basis of large-scale model development. In order to accelerate the innovation of big models, Huawei has released a more open and easy-to-use CANN7.0, which is not only fully compatible with the industry’s AI framework, acceleration library and mainstream big models, but also deeply open the underlying capabilities, so that the AI framework and acceleration library can directly call and manage computing resources, so that developers can customize high-performance operators and make big models have differentiated competitiveness.

Facing the development of Transformer network model, Huawei upgraded Ascend C programming language, simplified the logic of operator implementation with a more efficient programming method, shortened the development cycle of fusion operator from 2 person-months to 2 person-weeks, and enabled the rapid development of AI models and applications.

Work with customers and partners to release intelligent solutions for nine industries.

Aiming at the pain points of demand and doing practical things is not only the spirit of hard work that the whole society needs most, but also the purpose of Huawei’s digital and intelligent transformation of the industry.

In the past three years, Huawei has set up an industry corps to go deep into the industry and scenes, shorten the management chain vertically, and better respond to customers’ intelligent needs; Quickly integrate R&D resources horizontally and fully support the intelligent transformation of thousands of industries. At present, Huawei has built more than 200 intelligent solutions for more than 20 industries, such as cities, finance, transportation and manufacturing, and has been applied in a series of intelligent projects.

Based on the latest industry intelligent reference architecture, Huawei has jointly released intelligent solutions for nine industries, including finance, government affairs, manufacturing, electric power and railway. In the future, Huawei will continue to work with partners to create more industry solutions and promote the deep integration of AI and industry scenarios.

Launch the white paper "Accelerating Industry Intelligence"

Combined with the practice with a large number of customers and partners and the prospect of smart world 2030, Huawei also officially released the white paper "Accelerating Industry Intelligence".

The white paper proposes that artificial intelligence has become the core kinetic energy to promote social development and change, and is serving more and more industry scenarios and helping the industry upgrade. In order to better promote the innovative application of artificial intelligence, Industry-University-Research needs multi-party participation and collaboration, capacity co-construction and ecological co-creation, and under the premise of grasping the intelligent development trend of the industry, it will continue to pursue technological innovation, focus on engineering practice, and promote the AI application to go deep into reality, so that it can be varied and empowered.

The white paper has been recommended by many academicians, which embodies the experience and wisdom of all parties. It not only includes the development trend and latest trends of artificial intelligence, the application exploration of artificial intelligence in 63 scenarios in 16 industries, but also selects intelligent innovation practices in 18 industries, hoping to provide more specific help and reference for the implementation and landing of intelligent transformation in thousands of industries.

Intelligentization has opened a new chapter. Facing the opportunities and challenges of the intelligent age, let’s forge ahead hand in hand and build a solid computing base together, so that we can go deep into the scene in various ways, empower thousands of industries and accelerate the intelligence of the industry!

[This article is a speech by Wang Tao, managing director of Huawei, director of ICT infrastructure business management committee and president of enterprise BG, at the keynote of Huawei Connect 2023 on September 20th, 2023.]

Editor: Xu Yong

After the implementation of the latest foreign brand restriction policy in Shanghai, many former foreign brand owners have set their sights on the new energy vehicle market. Among many automobile brands, BYD has always been the first choice for many consumers, especially the newly launched Han, which can be seen everywhere in Shanghai, even in the suburbs. Therefore, taking this opportunity to come to BYD 4S store, let’s take a look at why this popular car can sell so well, and finally bring you its purchase recommendation.

When I arrived at BYD 4S store in the morning, I could see a row of test cars parked there quietly next to the door, including two in BYD Han, namely Han EV (parameter picture) and Han DM. The current sales volume of this car can be seen. Oh, by the way, through this picture, the difference between the two versions, the red one without grille is EV, and the gray one with air intake grille next to it is DM, which is very simple to distinguish.

Compared with the whole BYD family, Han’s style can also be described as unique. After the slender headlights are connected with the chrome-plated decoration in the middle, they look elegant and sporty with the pressed front. However, I don’t think the gray version of the exhibition hall looks as good as red.

If you don’t talk about the body parameters, I think you can guess the level of this car by the slender size of the side. Yes, Han’s positioning is a medium and large car. Its car length has reached 4980mm, and its wheelbase has reached 2920 mm. In addition, the use of hidden door handles also conforms to the image that a pure electric vehicle should have. The ubiquitous chrome-plated material makes the car side exquisite as well.

In addition, it should be noted that the C-pillar of the ultra-long battery life version (two-wheel drive) of Han EV is different from that of the four-wheel drive high-performance version. The former is decorated with bright black, while the latter is decorated with metal, so this EV in the exhibition hall is a four-wheel drive high-performance version.

The shape of the rear also continues the simple design style of the front, and the use of penetrating taillights just fits the front face. In addition, BYD’s most signature dragon claw taillights are also reserved, but in contrast, the whole tail is more calm than the front face.

Entering the car, the interior of Han EV still continues BYD’s consistent impression of science and technology. At the same time, as a medium and large car, thanks to the use of large leather and wood grain decoration, the luxury is equally strong, which also gives this Han EV a more mature and stable impression than other models in the family.

Of course, the softer padding and the excellent shoulder support of the front seat make the seat of Han EV conform to the performance of a medium and large car.

After excluding the seats, there is no doubt about the performance of the rear space brought by the positioning of medium and large cars. In addition, an LCD control panel is provided for the rear passengers behind the central armrest, and the whole system supports the configuration of independent air conditioning in the rear, which can be said to be a combination of technology and practicality. It should be noted that Han EV also comes standard with co-pilot boss key.

As for the trunk space, the trunk space is basically the same as that of an ordinary fuel vehicle because the power batteries of the vehicle are placed below.

On the power level, the total motor power of Han EV is 163kW and 363kW respectively, the total motor torque is 330N·m and 680N·m, the battery energy is 76.9kWh, and the cruising range is 605km and 550km respectively. Among them, the acceleration time of the latter is only 3.9s seconds. As for Han DM, it is equipped with a 2.0T engine with a maximum power of 141kW and a peak torque of 320 N m. The total power of the matched motor is 180kW and the total torque is 330 N m. The official acceleration time of zero hundred kilometers is only 4.7s s.

As for the preferential policy of this car, according to the sales introduction, there is no preferential policy for the whole series of Han, but there is a five-year interest-free loan policy, and the store has an existing car. In addition, because Shanghai has just launched a new policy on new energy vehicles, the most influential ones are plug-in hybrid and extended-range models. Therefore, after the release of the policy, Han DM has seen a lot of people.

Of the five models, which one is more worth buying?

BYD Han has five models to choose from, including two for DM and three for EV, so we recommend them separately.

First of all, there are two DM versions, and we recommend the entry-level model with a guide price of 219,800 yuan, which is the luxury model with four-wheel drive performance. In terms of configuration, compared with the four-wheel drive performance version with a guide price of 239,800 yuan, the latter only has more configurations and functions such as leather seats, 4-way height adjustment of the main driver’s seat, 2-way height /4-way waist support of the auxiliary driver’s seat, heating/ventilation of the auxiliary driver’s seat, 11-horn speakers, multi-color interior atmosphere lights, memory/reversing automatic rollover of the external rearview mirror, automatic anti-glare of the internal rearview mirror and independent air conditioning in the rear row. Although the above configuration is worth the price difference, because the configuration of DM itself is high enough, the above additional configuration can not better improve the experience. In the mechanical part, both DM versions are the same. So there is no doubt that DM’s four-wheel drive performance version is a better choice.

Followed by three EV versions, if you like high performance, then directly choose the four-wheel drive high-performance version of the flagship with a guide price of 279,500 yuan. If you have higher requirements for battery life, then choose two long battery life versions. As for these two models, we recommend the entry-level version of EV, that is, the ultra-long endurance luxury model with a guide price of 229,800 yuan. Compared with the super-long endurance version with the guide price of 255,800 yuan, the latter has more parallel assistance, reversing car side early warning system, automatic parking, leather seat, 4-way height adjustment of the main driver’s seat, 2-way height /4-way waist support of the auxiliary driver’s seat, heating/ventilation of the auxiliary driver’s seat, electric seat memory of the driver’s seat, 220V/230V power supply and 11 speakers. Their configuration differences are similar to those of the two DM versions, so the entry version is still the most worth buying.

Write it at the end

To say how hot BYD is, I think the scene where the exhibition hall is full of consumers in the afternoon can prove everything, and the Han series is the representative of it. Super-high face value, spacious space, and full of scientific and technological interior and configuration. Of course, more importantly, it also has DM and EV for consumers with different needs to choose from. It is no wonder that it can be seen everywhere in Shanghai at present.

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