分类： tetey

　　On February 28th, 2019, China Internet Network Information Center (CNNIC) released the 43rd Statistical Report on Internet Development in China. The report focuses on five aspects: Internet infrastructure, Internet application development, government application development, industrial and technological development and Internet security, and strives to comprehensively reflect the development of China’s Internet in 2018 through multi-angle and all-round data display.

　　The amount of basic resources has steadily increased, and IPv6 has broad application prospects.

　　As of December 2018, the number of IPv6 addresses in China was 41,079 /32, with an annual growth rate of 75.3%; The total number of domain names is 37.928 million, of which the total number of ".CN" domain names is 21.243 million, accounting for 56.0% of the total number of domain names. In terms of IPv6, China is continuously promoting the large-scale deployment of IPv6, further standardizing the IPv6 address allocation and traceability mechanism, effectively improving the IPv6 security capability, and thus promoting the comprehensive application of IPv6; In terms of domain names, in 2018, China’s high-performance domain name resolution technology continued to develop, new breakthroughs were made in the research and development of independent intellectual property software, and the ability to localize and customize domain name service security policies was further enhanced, thus significantly improving the service capability and security guarantee capability of China’s domain name service system.

　　The Internet penetration rate is close to 60%, and the access threshold is further lowered.

　　By December 2018, the number of Internet users in China had reached 829 million, with a penetration rate of 59.6%, up 3.8 percentage points from the end of 2017, with 56.53 million new Internet users. The number of mobile Internet users in China reached 817 million, and the proportion of Internet users accessing through mobile phones reached 98.6%, with 64.33 million new mobile Internet users in the whole year. In 2018, the internet coverage was further expanded, and the "last mile" of network infrastructure in poverty-stricken areas was gradually opened.

　　The "digital divide" has been bridged quickly; Mobile traffic charges have dropped sharply, and inter-provincial "roaming" has become history, the threshold for residents to access the network has been further lowered, and the efficiency of information exchange has been improved.

　　The first law in the field of e-commerce was promulgated, and the industry accelerated the conversion of kinetic energy.

　　As of December 2018, the number of online shopping users in China reached 610 million, with an annual growth rate of 14.4% and a utilization rate of 73.6%. The first law in the field of electronic commerce, the Electronic Commerce Law of the People’s Republic of China, was officially promulgated, which is of great significance to promoting the sustained and healthy development of the industry. After years of rapid development, the online consumer market has gradually entered the development stage of upgrading, and the "double upgrade" at both ends of supply and demand is becoming a new round of driving force for industry growth. On the supply side, online and offline resources are accelerating integration, and new models such as social e-commerce and quality e-commerce continue to enrich consumption scenarios and drive the transformation and upgrading of the retail industry; Technologies such as big data and blockchain are deeply applied to effectively improve operational efficiency. On the demand side, the trend of consumption upgrading remains unchanged, and the characteristics of consumption stratification are increasingly prominent, further promoting market diversification.

On January 16th, in Wuma Commercial Street, Lucheng District, Wenzhou City, Zhejiang Province, shoppers paid by "brushing their faces". Photo courtesy/vision china

　　Offline payment habits continued to consolidate, and the international payment market accelerated.

　　By the end of December 2018, the number of mobile internet payment users in China reached 583 million, with an annual growth rate of 10.7%, and the utilization rate of mobile internet users reached 71.4%. The habit of offline online payment continued to consolidate, and the proportion of netizens using mobile phone online payment increased from 65.5% at the end of 2017 to 67.2%. In terms of cross-border payment, Alipay and WeChat payment have been accessed in compliance in more than 40 countries and regions respectively; In terms of overseas localized payment, Chinese enterprises have operated localized digital wallet products in nine Asian countries and regions.

　　Internet entertainment has entered a standardized development track, and the utilization rate of short video users is nearly 80%

　　By December 2018, the number of users of online video, online music and online games was 612 million, 576 million and 484 million, respectively, and the utilization rates were 73.9%, 69.5% and 58.4%, respectively. Major online video platforms pay attention to the improvement of program content quality, and self-made content moves towards quality. With the deepening of copyright cooperation among online music enterprises, the process of copyright legalization of digital music has been significantly accelerated. More and more game companies have begun to focus on overseas business, and the influence of domestic games in overseas markets has further expanded. The number of short video users reached 648 million, and the user utilization rate was 78.2%. With the deployment of short videos by many Internet companies, the market maturity gradually improved, and the professionalism and verticality of content production deepened, and high-quality content became the core competitiveness of each platform.

　　The efficiency of online government services has been improved, and the people-oriented development concept has been practiced.

　　As of December 2018, the number of online government service users in China reached 394 million, accounting for 47.5% of the total netizens. By the end of December 2018, there were 17,962 government websites in China, and the cumulative number of users of WeChat city service reached 570 million. The number of government agencies Weibo certified by Sina platform reached 138,253, and 78,180 government headlines were opened by party and government organs at all levels … In 2018, China’s "Internet+government services" deepened, and governments at all levels relied on the online government service platform to promote online and offline integration. Real-time import of online declaration, queuing appointment, examination and approval results and other information, strengthen the construction of a national unified and multi-level interconnected data sharing and exchange platform, and realize "people running less errands" by "letting data run more". At the same time, all localities have successively started the construction of county-level media integration centers, including all media units such as county radio and television stations, county party newspapers and county-owned websites, and taking charge of all information publishing services in the county, so as to realize centralized and unified management of resources, high-quality information and standardized service, better convey government information and serve the local people.

On June 30, 2018, Dandong, Liaoning Province, fans who rushed to the scene to watch the live broadcast of Modern Brothers crowded Anton Old Street. Photo courtesy/vision china

　　The emerging technology field maintains a good development momentum and opens up a new situation in building a network power.

　　In 2018, China’s development momentum in basic resources, 5G, quantum information, artificial intelligence, cloud computing, big data, blockchain, virtual reality, Internet of Things logo, supercomputing and other fields is improving. In the field of 5G, breakthroughs have been made in the research and development of core technologies, and government and enterprises have joined forces to promote the steady development of the industry; In the field of artificial intelligence, the ability of scientific and technological innovation has been strengthened, and local plans and policies have been promulgated one after another, effectively promoting the deep integration of artificial intelligence and economic and social development; In the field of cloud computing, the Chinese government attaches great importance to the development of a new generation of information industry represented by it, enterprises actively promote strategic layout, and cloud computing services have gradually been recognized and accepted by the domestic market.

　　interlinkage

　　Basic data (as of December 2018)

　　The number of netizens reached 829 million, with 56.53 million new netizens in the whole year, and the Internet penetration rate was 59.6%, an increase of 3.8 percentage points over the end of 2017.

　　The number of mobile phone users reached 817 million, with 64.33 million new mobile phone users in the whole year.

　　The number of rural netizens reached 222 million, accounting for 26.7% of the total netizens, an increase of 12.91 million compared with the end of 2017, with a growth rate of 6.2%; The Internet penetration rate in rural areas was 38.4%, up 3.0 percentage points from the end of 2017.

　　98.6% netizens use mobile phones to surf the Internet, 48.0% use desktop computers and 35.9% use notebook computers, and 31.1% use TV to surf the Internet.

　　The number of IPv6 addresses is 41,079 blocks /32, an increase of 75.3% compared with the end of 2017. The total number of ".CN" domain names is 21.243 million, an increase of 1.9% compared with the end of 2017, accounting for 56.0% of the total number of domain names in China. China’s international export bandwidth is 8,946,570Mbps, with an annual growth rate of 22.2%.

　　The number of instant messaging users reached 792 million, and the proportion of netizens was 95.6%.

　　Mobile instant messaging users reached 780 million, accounting for 95.5% of mobile Internet users.

　　The number of online news users reached 675 million, an increase of 4.3% compared with the end of 2017, and the proportion of netizens used was 81.4%;

　　The number of news users on mobile phone network reached 653 million, accounting for 79.9% of mobile phone users, with an annual growth rate of 5.4%.

　　The number of online shopping users reached 610 million, an increase of 14.4% compared with the end of 2017, and the proportion of netizens was 73.6%;

　　The number of mobile online shopping users reached 592 million, accounting for 72.5% of mobile internet users, with an annual growth rate of 17.1%.

　　The number of online takeaway users reached 406 million, an increase of 18.2% compared with the end of 2017, and the proportion of netizens was 49.0%;

　　The number of mobile phone online take-out users reached 397 million, accounting for 48.6% of mobile phone users, with an annual growth rate of 23.2%.

　　The number of online payment users reached 600 million, an increase of 13.0% compared with the end of 2017, and the proportion of netizens used was 72.5%;

　　The scale of mobile phone network payment users reached 583 million, accounting for 71.4% of mobile phone netizens, with an annual growth rate of 10.7%.

　　The number of online video users reached 612 million, an increase of 33.09 million compared with the end of 2017, accounting for 73.9% of the total netizens;

　　The number of mobile phone network video users reached 590 million, an increase of 41.01 million compared with the end of 2017, accounting for 72.2% of mobile phone netizens.

　　The number of short video users reached 648 million, and the proportion of netizens was 78.2%.

　　The number of online government service users reached 394 million, accounting for 47.5% of the total netizens.

As we all know, werewolf killing is a camp confrontation game, and 90% of the werewolf killing games will show the confrontation between the good camp and the werewolf camp. So besides the good camp and the werewolf camp, is there any other camp for werewolf killing? We can definitely tell you that the division of the werewolf killing camp is actually not that simple. Let’s take the popular pocket werewolf killing in the market as an example to sort out the chaotic division of the werewolf killing camp!

(werewolf killing)

1. What are the roles of werewolf killing?

This article involves this werewolf killing, which has a total of 17 commonly used characters. Let’s take you to a brief understanding of these 17 characters first.

1. Villagers

(werewolf kills villagers)

The extremely common character is also a character with a large number of players in the werewolf killing game. Twelve players will occupy one-third of the players in the game. He has no skills, but he can only survive by watching the water, find wolves and exile werewolves by voting and speaking.

2. Prophet

(werewolf kills prophet)

Have the ability to identify the role, but lack the ability to self-identify, through the 12-player game, there is only one player. Because of its skills, the prophet becomes a beacon for good people, and it is the support point of the logical reasoning of the whole werewolf killing.

3. Witch

(werewolf kills witch)

As a member of the werewolf killing, the antidote and poison endow her with endless abilities, and she has the ability to heal the wounded and rescue the dying and help the righteous. She belongs to a clerical role, and she often plays the winner in the werewolf killing game, which is the most hated and primary killing target of werewolves.

4. Hunters

(werewolf kills hunter)

The werewolf kills one of the clerical roles. He is overbearing and relatively blind, and belongs to the role of closing his eyes. Usually, he should be cautious in using his skills. When the hunter dies (excluding the witch poisoning and the White Wolf King taking him away), you can use your skills to drive away any player on the field.

5. Idiot

(werewolf kills idiot)

The werewolf kills one of the clergy roles, and has the passive skill of "innocent if he doesn’t know". Because he is a close-eyed player, he is just like a civilian. He only needs to be a senior civilian in the whole process, and it is also the most difficult clerical role for werewolves to find. Idiots can remain on the court after being pushed out by resistance during the day, but they will lose their voting rights.

6. Guard

(werewolf kills guard)

The werewolf kills one of the clergy roles, the patron saint of good people, and has a strong defensive ability, but his skills conflict with the witch’s antidote. Therefore, under the current trend, he chooses the empty guard on the first night to avoid the failure of defending and saving with the witch’s antidote. He can guard a player every night, but he can’t guard the same player for two consecutive nights. The guarded player will not be killed by the werewolf.

7. Cupid

(werewolf kills Cupid)

Cupid, also known as Cupid, is a special role in the werewolf killing. When the couples he connects are in the same camp, he belongs to the good camp. When the couple is a good man and a werewolf, he will form a third party camp with the couple. At the beginning, any two players (including themselves) are designated as lovers. When one of the lovers dies, the other will be double suicide automatically.

8. Old drunkard

(werewolf kills old drunkard)

The werewolf killed one of the clerical roles. He won’t be tempted by wolves. Poisoned by a witch or shot by a hunter will take effect one day later, which is regarded as eating skills at the same time the next day and dying before voting after speaking.

9. Money Mouse

The werewolf killed one of the clerical roles. Have 7 copper coins, villagers die, copper coins -1; Clerical death, copper coin -2; Copper coin =0, the money mouse dies. The last one opened his eyes at night and learned the remaining copper coins.

10. Werewolves

(werewolf kills werewolf)

One of the characters of the werewolf killing werewolf camp. The main ways of playing are usually fierce jump, barb, yin-yang barb, deep water and so on. Werewolves can choose to attack a player every night.

11, thick-skinned Wolf

(werewolf kills thick-skinned wolf)

One of the characters of the werewolf killing werewolf camp. When you are killed by a hunter at night, you have to kill it once more (except when you are poisoned, voted out, and shot and killed by a hunter during the day).

12. Wolf Beauty

(werewolf kills wolf beauty)

One of the characters of the werewolf killing werewolf camp. In addition to the werewolf ability, one player can be charmed every night. When the wolf beauty dies, the charmed player will be martyred that night. The wolf beauty can’t blow herself up or kill herself, and can’t charm the same player for two consecutive nights.

13. White Wolf King

(werewolf kills white wolf king)

One of the characters of the werewolf killing werewolf camp. In addition to the werewolf ability, you can take a player with you at any time during the day (not used in voting and last words).

14. Bear

(werewolf kills bear)

One of the characters of the werewolf killing animal camp. At dawn, if there is a werewolf among the adjacent players of the bear, God declares that "the bear growls"; If there is no werewolf, God declares that "the bear has not growled". If the bear dies or is frozen, it can’t roar (if the adjacent player of the bear dies, it will be postponed to the surviving players on both sides).

15. Big cock

(The werewolf kills the rooster)

One of the characters of the werewolf killing animal camp. If the rooster is killed by a werewolf at night, it will skip a day and go straight into the night.

16. Little Sheep

(The werewolf kills the lamb)

One of the characters of the werewolf killing animal camp. No special skills, mainly rely on reasoning analysis to find werewolves.

17. Penguin

(werewolf kills penguin)

One of the characters of the werewolf killing animal camp. One player can be frozen every night, and the frozen player can’t start skills that night. You cannot freeze the same player twice in a game.

Second, the division of the lineup and the roles involved

The werewolf killing game is mostly divided into a good man camp and a werewolf camp, but if Cupid appears, it will be decided whether there will be a third party camp according to the situation. If there is an animal bureau, there will be an animal camp, which is similar to the traditional good man camp.

(werewolf killing camp division)

1. Good people camp

Including villagers, witches, prophets, idiots, guards, old drunkards, hunters, money rats and cupid (lovers are inhuman wolves), the winning condition is to get rid of all werewolves.

2. Werewolf camp

It includes four characters: werewolf, wolf beauty, white wolf king and thick-skinned wolf. The winning condition is to kill all civilians or priests. Of course, some of them demand a massacre.

3. Crazy Zoo

Including lambs, bears, penguins and roosters, the winning condition is to get rid of all werewolves.

4. Special third-party camp

When the lovers linked by Cupid are in love with wolves, they will form a third-party camp of three people together with the lovers, and the winning condition is to kill all the characters in the non-third-party camp.

The above is the camp division rules about the werewolf killing game. Please lock this site for more werewolf killing raiders. This site will continue to output high-quality articles about the werewolf killing to help novice werewolf killing players better understand this game.

The rookie overseas warehouse located in Guadalajara, Spain. Xinhua News Agency reporter Meng Dingbo photo

Overseas warehouse built by Sichuan Honghua Petroleum Equipment Co., Ltd. in Dubai. Photo courtesy of Deyang Municipal Bureau of Commerce

The local logistics personnel in the rookie overseas warehouse are carrying goods. Xinhua News Agency reporter Meng Dingbo photo

     

superiority

● Realize local delivery, shorten the time from more than half a month to three or four days, and greatly reduce the logistics cost.

● Foreign trade export enterprises can play an important role in special periods such as the break of logistics supply chain.

● Derive after-sales service functions such as return and exchange, and become a front-end or back-end logistics platform in the overseas e-commerce industry chain.

Short board

Low upfront cost, only a few leading enterprises have the ability to build their own.

● Enterprises renting overseas warehouses are greatly restricted by overseas lessors.

● Lack of systematic layout, making it difficult to radiate markets outside overseas warehouses.

engineer

● Build a cross-border e-commerce trade support node based on public overseas warehouses, and use overseas warehouses to drive the construction of overseas commodity distribution centers and overseas industrial parks to enhance the integrity and stability of the logistics chain.

● Support and encourage overseas warehouse operators and service providers to build a unified comprehensive service platform, and create an "online collaborative platform+offline warehouse allocation system" to improve the use efficiency of overseas warehouses and reduce the use cost.

"Fortunately, the goods produced in February this year were delivered to overseas warehouses in Europe in March, which timely avoided the impact of the nearly eight-fold surge in logistics prices from Chengdu to Europe in April and May, and the enterprise also saved three or four million yuan in logistics costs, even driving the output value to increase by more than 20%." Recently, Huang Zhaohui, director of the logistics department of Suining Pusi Electronics Co., Ltd., revealed this "trade secret" to reporters.

This year, affected by the epidemic, many overseas enterprises were forced to press the "pause button", which brought opportunities for the export of China products, and foreign trade export enterprises took the opportunity to expand overseas markets. However, cross-border e-commerce is also facing logistics pressure, which has become a pain point that hinders domestic products from "going out to sea".

However, a phenomenon is worth paying attention to: like Suining Pusi Electronics, the number of enterprises that use overseas warehouses to "go out to sea" has increased rapidly. From June to September, Sichuan enterprises built or rented 16 overseas warehouses, with a total area of nearly 100,000 square meters and a total investment of over 100 million yuan.

A

overall arrangement

Smooth delivery during the epidemic of overseas warehouses becoming fragrant cakes.

Overseas warehouses are not new. Many years ago, some domestic cross-border e-commerce companies tried to store SKUs with high turnover rate in the homes of overseas relatives and friends. Once customers placed orders, they asked relatives and friends to send them directly, which not only shortened the time, but also greatly saved the logistics cost. When the business gets bigger, the goods can’t be put in the homes of relatives and friends, so it’s natural to rent a warehouse. This is the prototype of overseas warehouse.

In 2010, Suining Pusi Electronics Co., Ltd., which produces electronic components, set up a 500-square-meter overseas warehouse in Germany and kept 10% stock all year round.

On December 4th, Suining Economic and Technological Development Zone, the production line of Pusi Electronics Workshop was producing at full capacity, fully guaranteeing the overseas market demand. As an enterprise that produces tens of billions of electronic components every year, the main customers of Pusi Electronics are widely distributed in many overseas markets such as Southeast Asia and South America, and the output value once reached 40 million US dollars.

At the peak of the domestic epidemic at the beginning of this year, Pusi Electronics also had a cold sweat for overseas market sales. When many enterprises are worried about the breakdown of the logistics supply chain, Pusi Electronics has successfully "dodged" a robbery because the overseas warehouse has played an important role. "Through overseas warehouses, the company was able to pay more goods accounting for 20% to 30% of the total output value, and this year it sold more than 8 million US dollars of products." Huang Zhaohui said.

Pusi Electronics is not the only one who has tasted the sweetness. Sichuan Chengtai Nanxiang International Trading Co., Ltd. has made a bigger layout of overseas warehouses. At the end of 2019, it invested 1.3 million US dollars to build a public overseas warehouse in Thailand, providing one-stop comprehensive services for cross-border e-commerce enterprises and helping partners expand exports in Southeast Asia. At present, Chengtai South has signed contracts with more than 30 enterprises in the province, and the total trade volume of overseas warehouse business in one year can reach about 90 million yuan.

Cha Peiliang, manager of Chengtai Nanxiang Company, revealed that a big cooperation project is being planned-to negotiate with shopee, the largest e-commerce platform in Southeast Asia. Once the cooperation is reached, all the products of more than 4,000 cross-border e-commerce companies on the e-commerce platform will enter the overseas warehouse of Chengtai Nanxiang. "This means that at least 4,000 packages will come in and out here every day, when the trade volume will hit a new high."

B

function

Display enterprise products and provide after-sales service

With the increasingly personalized needs of consumers, overseas warehouses have also become a window to display products and provide after-sales service.

In the view of Wang Yinqing, the port bonded project manager of Sichuan Logistics Research Institute, the overseas warehouse was originally a product of cross-border e-commerce, which is equivalent to the transshipment warehouse in the purchasing industry and plays the role of collecting goods overseas. With the increase in export demand, overseas warehouses have gradually derived the functions of after-sales service such as return and exchange, forming reverse logistics. "It has been derived into a front-end or back-end logistics platform for overseas e-commerce in the entire industrial chain, which can play a role in both import and export."

Luzhou Dixintong Technology Co., Ltd. built a "Made in Sichuan" platform for export and after-sales service of electronic and intelligent terminal products based on American overseas warehouses, providing one-stop comprehensive foreign trade services for foreign trade enterprises in the province facing the North American market. Zhi Jing, the person in charge of the company, said that most cross-border e-commerce companies have no problem in sales, and they can complete operations at home, but they have no after-sales service ability for products sold overseas. Therefore, Dixintong aims at this market shortcoming and uses overseas warehouses to create an integrated platform for overseas after-sales service for customers. In 2019, Dickson only deployed 5,000 square meters of overseas warehouses in Noida, India, with a turnover of US$ 12 million.

Chengtai Nanxiang not only built overseas warehouses in Thailand, but also set up "Made in Sichuan" and "Made in Chengdu" commodity exhibition halls, and moved the display and sales window for overseas consumers to the forefront. Since last year, Chengtai’s southward utilization of overseas warehouses has achieved three major events: assisting Chengdu jinniu district government to successfully hold investment promotion activities in Thailand; Help local enterprises in Chengdu to connect with key supermarkets in Thailand and promote "Made in Chengdu" products to enter the Thai market; Help a trading company in Chengdu to inspect overseas factories and develop new business.

In Cha Peiliang’s view, a very important reason why overseas warehouses suddenly came into people’s sight this year, especially when all parties concerned about "stabilizing foreign trade", was that the epidemic caused the global logistics system to be blocked, which suddenly made enterprises and governments more aware of the importance of overseas warehouses.

At present, Chengdu has accelerated the layout of overseas warehouses in 15 key countries and regions such as Europe, America, Japan, South Korea, Australia and New Zealand. Last year’s Three-year Action Plan for Chengdu’s Integration into the Belt and Road Construction (2019-2021) further proposed "supporting the construction of public bonded warehouses and overseas warehouses"; Deyang cross-border electronic commerce Experimental Zone regards overseas warehouse construction as an important way to reduce overseas logistics costs and promote foreign trade transformation. In the detailed rules for the implementation of special funds for foreign trade and economic development of the central government in 2020, it is clear that overseas warehouse construction, rental expenses and material purchase expenses will be given financial support.

C

Advanced

Build a comprehensive service platform and carry out subdivided management.

Overseas warehouses seem to have become an indispensable configuration for cross-border e-commerce, but there are also many problems.

Both Chengtai Nanxiang and Dixintong face the same problem in the actual operation of overseas warehouses-complaints about product quality by overseas consumers.

"Overseas consumers have different requirements for products, and we often receive complaints from Consumers Association." Cha Peiliang said with a wry smile that they are just warehouses, and the manufacturers are in China, so the company has spent a lot of effort to help solve the after-sales problem.

Dixintong also often encounters the situation that customers ask for a return due to the sale of defective products, which costs the company a lot.

These are just operational details. In the eyes of some insiders, there are some problems in overseas warehouses themselves. For example, overseas warehouses, as commercial facilities rather than main profit projects, cost a lot in the early stage, and only a few leading enterprises have the ability to build their own; Enterprises renting overseas warehouses are greatly restricted by overseas lessors. Once there are problems in the warehousing and distribution of third-party overseas warehouses, or the goods are unsalable and forced to be removed from the shelves, the long-term warehousing costs will increase geometrically. In addition, the lack of systematic layout makes it difficult to radiate markets other than overseas warehouses, which is also a shortcoming that exists at present.

In this regard, the relevant person in charge of the E-commerce Department of the Department of Commerce said that it is actively preparing a "development plan": on the one hand, it will build a cross-border e-commerce trade support node based on public overseas warehouses, and use overseas warehouses to drive the construction of overseas commodity distribution centers and overseas industrial parks to improve the integrity and stability of the logistics chain; On the other hand, support and encourage overseas warehouse operators and service providers to build a unified comprehensive service platform, create an "online collaborative platform+offline warehouse distribution system", and widely share product information to cross-border e-commerce platforms, channel distributors and local retailers to achieve "inventory sharing", improve the efficiency of overseas warehouses and reduce the use cost.

"Overseas warehouses will continue to be promoted and applied." Wang Yinqing further believes that there may be more diversified and personalized overseas warehousing needs in the future. It is advisable to consider designing some overseas warehouses with customized products and implementing segmented management. He also said that overseas warehouses require sellers to have a certain amount of storage. At this stage, it is more suitable for universal and low-priced bulk commodities, but not suitable for some customized products. (Reporter   Chen Bihong)

interlinkage

Our province supports the construction of overseas warehouses

According to preliminary statistics, there are more than 20 enterprises in our province using 53 overseas warehouses by self-construction or lease, with a total area of 194,800 square meters and a total investment of 106 million yuan, distributed in more than 20 countries and regions.

In recent years, the State Council has successively approved the establishment of four cross-border electronic commerce Comprehensive Experimental Zones, namely, Chengdu, Luzhou, Deyang and Mianyang, and the construction of overseas warehouses has been accelerated.

At the provincial level, it is proposed that enterprises will be supported to provide and use comprehensive overseas warehouse services, and cross-border e-commerce and market procurement trade enterprises will be supported to lease overseas warehouses.

Among them, Chengdu Comprehensive Experimental Zone supports 50% of the total investment for overseas warehouses (including intelligent port warehouses, import and export warehouses, cross-border e-commerce special cold chain warehouses and other storage places), and the purchase expenses of shelves (containers), video surveillance systems, transmission systems, special carts (forklifts), auxiliary equipment and management information systems, and the amount of support for a single project does not exceed 5 million yuan.

Deyang Comprehensive Experimental Zone will provide support for overseas warehouses (including intelligent port warehouses, import and export warehouses, cross-border e-commerce special cold chain warehouses and other storage places) construction and leasing expenses, and the purchase expenses of shelves (containers), video surveillance systems, transmission systems, special carts (forklifts), auxiliary equipment and management information systems, etc., which will not exceed 70% of the actual amount, with a maximum of 500,000 yuan. (Reporter   Chen Bihong)

　　() The Record Form of Investor Relations Activities was released on May 12, and the company was investigated by 57 institutions on May 10, 2022. The types of institutions are insurance companies, others, fund companies, overseas institutions, securities companies and sunshine private equity institutions.

　　The main contents of investor relations activities are introduced:

　　1. Fei Zhi, managing director of the company, introduced the company’s performance in 2021 and the first quarter of 2022 and its future development strategic plan. The senior management team had an interactive exchange on the company’s business and financial situation.

　　Second, the main content of investor interaction

　　Q: The company has entered the mobile energy business for more than a year since March last year, and its market influence is very great. Please introduce the overall development strategy of the company’s mobile energy business?

　　A: Since the first half of last year, the company has vigorously developed the mobile energy business, innovatively created the business model of mobile energy digital energy, with vehicles as the energy carrier, batteries as the core resources, and Hong Kong as the infrastructure. Relying on the company’s deep-rooted industrial layout and scientific and technological strength of the energy industry, it has built an ecological closed loop of green electricity, Hong Kong station, vehicles, batteries and energy storage, and jointly developed new energy vehicles in customized operation fields to integrate transportation resources. It provides electric vehicle charging service, battery life cycle management, commercial operation of charging and replacing power stations and mobile digital energy platforms, and is committed to providing convenient, economical and green integrated solutions for electric travel.

　　The company will cover the replenishment application scenarios of new energy vehicles, such as heavy trucks, logistics vehicles and online taxis, by digitally aggregating energy flow, information flow, capital flow, user flow and vehicle flow, and integrate the resources of automobile enterprises, battery enterprises, logistics enterprises, travel platforms and other industries and government resources, and carry out in-depth cooperation in all directions, with emphasis on North China, South China, East China, Southwest China, Lu Yu and Hubei.

　　In terms of products, the company will build an intelligent iterative product system with high efficiency, high compatibility and modularity of software and hardware, and create a product spectrum of heavy trucks, light trucks, passenger cars and energy storage products. In terms of platform, the company solves the pain points of service convenience and operational efficiency through digital drive, and builds an efficient and intelligent transportation energy ecosystem.

　　Q: Concerned about the continuous growth of the company’s performance and changes in its structure since its listing three years ago, can you introduce the composition of the relevant structure and some main factors, as well as relevant measures to improve its operating performance in the future?

　　A: Affected by multiple factors such as the epidemic situation, the implementation of the "double carbon" policy, international inflation and the energy crisis, the supply of coal and natural gas is tight, and fuel prices have entered an upward cycle, hitting record highs. Under the severe pressure of high fuel cost, the company’s clean energy business is generally under pressure in the industry. Under the background of large-scale losses in Daquan industry, the company also achieved a net profit of 1.004 billion yuan in the reporting period of 2021, a year-on-year increase of 21.8%. Since the backdoor listing in 2019, the performance has maintained steady growth for three consecutive years, and the compound growth rate of net profit for three years is as high as 44.6%. It should be said that it is not easy to get grades.

　　Facing the unfavorable external market environment, the company continuously optimizes its assets and business structure, and actively deploys renewable energy sources such as wind power that are not restricted by the fuel market price. In 2021, a number of wind power projects prepared and acquired by the company were put into operation. As of December 31st, 2021, the total installed capacity of the subordinate operating power plants controlled by the company was 3,777.44MW, of which wind power was 832.30MW, up nearly 60% year-on-year, and the installed capacity increased from 14% at the end of 2020 to 22%. The growth of wind power generation has largely compensated for the negative impact caused by rising fuel prices. At the same time, for the cogeneration projects of the company, which depend heavily on fuel costs, the company actively communicates with local price supervision departments and heat users, and transmits some pressure of rising costs to the downstream through mechanisms such as coal-heat linkage and gas-steam linkage. In addition, the company also actively adjusts its business strategy according to the fluctuation of fuel prices, optimizes the operation mode of units, and ensures the stability of operating profits to the greatest extent.

　　With the introduction of various measures such as increasing production, ensuring supply and stabilizing prices, as well as the control of the "double carbon" target and the formal implementation of carbon asset trading, fossil energy consumption will gradually decrease, and the tight balance between coal supply and demand will be effectively alleviated, and coal prices will surely fall from a high level and stabilize. On the other hand, with the easing of the situation in Russia and Ukraine, Russian energy supply will gradually return to normal. At the same time, the Russian implementation of increasing the annual supply of 10 billion cubic meters of natural gas to China and the completion and operation of domestic coastal LNG storage and transportation stations will gradually improve the storage and transit capacity, which will also effectively alleviate the domestic natural gas shortage and the natural gas price will also show a gradual downward trend. Therefore, the company believes that the current high fuel price is unsustainable, and will gradually return to the normal level in the future, and the company’s performance will also return to the level of steady growth.

　　In 2021, the company’s non-recurring gains and losses were mainly the investment income from the disposal of some subsidiaries’ equity. Since 2016, the company has invested heavily in the development of various clean energy projects such as wind power generation, garbage power generation, gas turbine cogeneration and so on. While the progress of investment and development is accelerating and the project reserves are increasing, the company comprehensively considers the reasonable level of asset-liability ratio, and formulates a differentiated project profit model according to different project conditions and business strategic planning.

　　After the development and construction of the power station is completed, it is a business model with reasonable commercial purpose and very common in the industry, which is derived from the company’s main business (power station investment and operation). Based on the company’s deep-rooted industry experience in the field of clean energy for many years, the company has a strong "development-investment-construction" ability, and can complete the investment and construction of the project at a lower cost and at a faster speed under the premise of ensuring compliance, and comprehensively judge whether the project is self-sustaining or transferred according to market conditions, overall debt ratio control of the company, return on investment of the project and other factors. As an important part of the company’s clean energy business strategy, the "development-construction transfer" mode of power station has become a normal business that the company will continue to promote in recent years and in the future.

　　In 2022, with the overall layout of the company’s mobile energy business put into operation, it is expected that the mobile energy business will have a corresponding scale and profit in the annual operation of listed companies. Based on the annual planning of clean energy and mobile energy business, the company has confidence in its operation in 2022.

　　Q: The market is very concerned about the company’s entry into the power exchange track. In terms of mobile energy, please introduce the business model, profit model and main composition of profit sources of the company’s power exchange business. What is the gross profit margin? How to improve the future profitability planning?

　　A: At present, the profit path of power exchange station operation in the market is mainly through power exchange operation, and the power exchange service fee is charged for profit. In addition, the company’s profit source will also rely on the power exchange operation to carry out R&D and customization of power exchange equipment, customization of power exchange models, battery banking, vehicle aftermarket, APP online mall and other businesses. At present, R&D and customization of power exchange equipment has become one of the important sources of revenue and profit. Through the design and development of commercial vehicle product lines (including heavy trucks, construction machinery and light trucks), passenger vehicle product lines and energy storage product lines, the company can realize charging technology licensing fees to third-party foundries.

　　The gross profit of power exchange operation is about 20%, and the Mao Lijiao of power exchange products is high, which can reach 40-50%.

　　There are mainly the following ways to improve the profitability of power station operation:

　　Reduce the cost of equipment, and reduce the price of power exchange equipment by 50% through self-developed equipment and entrusted OEM;

　　Centralized purchase of batteries and vehicles: sign a framework agreement with the main engine factory to reduce the cost of batteries and vehicles through centralized purchase, or leave the profit space in GCL;

　　Reduce the power cost: reduce the power cost through distributed photovoltaic/wind power supply, centralized electricity collection, energy storage and orderly charging, and guide drivers to change power at different peaks through time-sharing pricing strategy;

　　Reduce labor costs: through the development of intelligent operation and maintenance system, with the help of station technology, APP technology and the connection of data with vehicles, reduce the number of personnel and labor costs;

　　Reduce the rental cost of the venue: through the cooperative partners with resources, carry out batch negotiation and win-win cooperation to reduce the rental cost. At present, cooperation agreements have been signed with cooperative units such as Jiangsu Electric Power and Guangzhou City Investment.

　　Reduce the construction cost: standardize the project, lock the engineering quantity, and reduce the project cost through centralized bidding and procurement of cables and box transformers;

　　Improve the utilization rate of power exchange station: mainly control the proportion of stations, guide drivers to change power at different peaks in cooperation, change drivers’ shift habits, increase the number of single-station service vehicles, reduce queuing time and improve the utilization rate of stations.

　　Q: The company has paid dividends in cash for two consecutive years since its reorganization and listing in 2020, and attaches great importance to the sharing of dividends and profits among all shareholders. Please introduce the relevant dividend arrangement and dividend plan.

　　A: Since the backdoor listing, the company has attached great importance to investors’ returns. After filling up the losses of the original backdoor listed company in the first year of listing, it has paid cash dividends for two consecutive years. In 2021, the amount of dividends distributed increased by 33% compared with the first dividend, and the overall dividend distribution increased by 60%. Focusing on the long-term and sustainable development, the company comprehensively considered the company’s actual situation, development strategic planning and industry development trend, and established a scientific, sustainable and stable investor return planning and mechanism in accordance with the Company Law, the Securities Law and the relevant regulations of China Securities Regulatory Commission and Shenzhen Stock Exchange, so as to ensure the continuity and stability of the profit distribution policy.

　　The company’s earnings per share in 2021 was 0.7425 yuan. Based on the latest total share capital of 1,623,324,614 shares, it distributed a cash dividend of 2.00 yuan (including tax) to all shareholders for every 10 shares, totaling 324,664,922.80 yuan, accounting for 38% of the distributable profit at the end of 2021. In the future, the company will continue to pay full attention to the return to investors, maintain the continuity and stability of the company’s profit distribution policy, and take into account the long-term interests of the company, the overall interests of all shareholders and the sustainable development of the company on the premise of complying with relevant national laws and regulations and the Articles of Association.

　　On May 6th, the company’s annual general meeting of shareholders passed the profit distribution plan for 2021, and the announcement on the implementation of equity distribution was released on May 10th. The company will implement dividend distribution according to the regulatory rules.

　　Q: An overall development goal of the company’s mobile energy business in 2022, and how to formulate the development goal plan for the next three to five years.

　　A: The goal of the company’s mobile energy business in 2022 is to build 300 power stations and serve 30,000 vehicles. This year’s epidemic situation belongs to uncontrollable factors. As a result, batteries, vehicles and logistics are now tight, and the company is trying to overcome these factors. The "14th Five-Year Plan" target set by the company at the beginning of the year is to build more than 6,000 power stations to serve more than 500,000 to 600,000 new energy vehicles. According to the current industry development speed, the "14 th Five-Year Plan" may exceed the predetermined target number. When the company enters the field of power exchange, it will give full play to its own advantages and strive to enter the first phalanx on the track to become a head enterprise.

　　Q: The power exchange business has attracted great attention in the commercial vehicle market. At present, other enterprises, such as Guodian Investment and Sanyi, are gradually entering. What market advantages does the company have in this respect and how to lead?

　　A: At present, the commercial vehicle power exchange market is in the initial stage. With the early exploration of leading enterprises in the industry, various boundary conditions and financial schemes in the field of commercial vehicle power exchange have gradually matured, and market participants have also increased. However, given the large market share and space of commercial vehicle power exchange, no enterprise can monopolize the whole market, and the admission of more players can promote the whole industry to become more and more perfect.

　　As an energy enterprise, based on its own power resources and the industry integration ability of third-party operators, the company has been involved in the power exchange ecological chain from the aspects of power exchange standard formulation, power exchange station product development and production, and power exchange operation and maintenance services through more than one year of operation. On the technical level, the company’s power exchange products have multi-vehicle compatibility and intelligent management capabilities of software and hardware; On the financial level, the company has completed the first phase of the carbon neutral fund and raised special investment funds, and has diversified financial response capabilities in vehicle assets, battery asset management and regional investment; In terms of management decision-making, the company, as a rapid approval decision-making mechanism of private enterprises, can quickly judge market opportunities and respond quickly; At the same time, the company has an open and flexible cooperation mechanism, and is willing to develop together with high-quality enterprises in the industry to bring green energy into life faster and more widely.

　　Q: The new installed capacity of clean energy in 2022, and the proportion of plans and formats in the next 3-5 years.

　　A: In 2022, the newly added installed capacity of the company will be about 200MW, including Jiangsu Gaochun gas turbine project, Liaoning Chaoyang wind power project and Anhui Fengtai wind power project. It is estimated that the installed capacity will be about 1000－1500MW from 2022 to 2024, of which wind power projects account for about 50%, gas turbine projects account for about 40%, and garbage power generation and other projects account for about 10%.

　　It is planned that the new installed capacity of the company will be about 2.5GW within five years. The first goal is to expand the scale and increase the installed capacity; Second, the structure should be optimized, and the proportion of renewable energy, especially the proportion of wind power projects, should be gradually increased to enhance the profitability of the company and reduce the impact of fuel price fluctuations.

　　Q: On the clean energy side, the company focuses on the thermoelectric and wind power industries. Specific to these industries, is electricity price market-oriented, and what is the price adjustment mechanism?

　　A: At present, the pricing of the power industry is basically determined by the government. The National Development and Reform Commission and the Provincial Development and Reform Commission generally determine different on-grid tariffs according to various forms of power generation such as photovoltaic, wind power, garbage power generation and cogeneration, and at the same time, they will adjust the corresponding tariffs synchronously according to the changes in the fuel market.

　　Q: What is the completion of the company’s self-developed power station and the follow-up business arrangements?

　　A: According to the current trinity model of automobile, electricity and port, research and development has two aspects:

　　On the one hand, it is the research and development of power station, on the other hand, it is the development of standard battery pack. The two are synergistic, including the development of models that match the battery pack. So far, the company’s power station products can be completely mass-produced at the end of June, including commercial vehicles, passenger cars and logistics vehicles.

　　The characteristics of the company’s power exchange station are obvious. For commercial vehicles and logistics vehicles, based on the standard battery pack, the compatibility of multi-manufacturer models is realized, which provides a high degree of flexibility for the choice of operating models and also plays a key role in improving the efficiency of power exchange operation. At present, the passenger car switching station has also realized the compatibility and adaptation of many models, such as Dongfeng, Liuqi, Geely and Light Orange. The company’s self-developed power exchange port has many core technical advantages, including hardware embedding, intelligent operation and maintenance technology, unattended operation, etc. This system is the first release of the company in the industry.

　　In the development of standard battery packs, the company and car companies have completed the development of logistics vehicles, that is, lateral standard packs. The battery pack is about 86 kWh, and a single pack is 43 kWh, which realizes the interchange of power battery packs between different enterprises and different models. For commercial vehicles, the company has completed the development of 282 kWh battery pack. At present, there are more than 10 commercial vehicles, 4 passenger cars and more than 2 logistics vehicles that can be matched.

　　Q: What’s the progress of the company’s lithium battery materials?

　　A: The company actively responded to the national "double carbon" strategic deployment, quickly cut into the mobile energy track, cooperated with the innovation and development of upstream and downstream industries, expanded lithium battery resources and materials, and ensured the supply of strategic scarce resources such as lithium and phosphorus. The company aims to solve the reliable supply demand of batteries and downstream materials for large-scale power station operation, reduce costs, improve market competitiveness, and promote the rapid and steady development of mobile energy business.

　　In September last year, the company announced to invest in the establishment of Sichuan Hengxin New Energy Technology Center (Limited Partnership), and the company intends to extend its business to the lithium mine and battery materials industry, which are raw materials for mobile energy upstream. At present, we are actively planning and promoting the related transactions of potential investment target assets, and the company will disclose them in time according to the progress of the project.

　　In addition, the company issued an announcement in January this year and signed a cooperation framework agreement with the partners, aiming at locking in the large-scale phosphate rock resources of the target company, ensuring the resources for the company’s strategy of building the world’s leading mobile digital energy technology operator, and contributing to the resource layout and integration of the lithium battery-related industrial chain in the future. At present, the related work of this project is progressing normally.

　　Q: The annual business situation of comprehensive energy services of listed companies and the relevant development plans for 2021 are introduced.

　　A: The company’s comprehensive energy services closely focus on the country’s power market and new power system, and carry out power rationing, zero-carbon energy stations, carbon neutrality, energy storage and other related businesses. The new and innovative energy service business has made great progress in all aspects and laid the foundation for long-term development. At the same time, the integration of various businesses has produced better complementary effects.

　　In 2021, the company’s market-oriented trading service power consumption was 17.26 billion kWh, and the cumulative production capacity of power distribution projects was 1091MVA, a significant increase over the previous year. The company has the first-class qualification of the national "demand-side management service organization", and the user-side management capacity exceeds 13.5 million kVA；; Participated in the demand side response in Jiangsu Province, and the response load exceeded 700MW, up 40% year-on-year; The growth rate of virtual power plants is also very large.

　　On May 8, 2021, the company put into operation the first distribution network project of high-proportion renewable energy demonstration area in China-Jinzhai distribution network project. At the same time, more than 20 energy service projects such as energy storage, distributed energy and microgrid have been put into operation, and the service business of energy stations has been fully carried out. Last year was the first year of the domestic carbon market. The company carried out corresponding research and services such as carbon asset management, carbon asset finance and green electricity trading, and achieved good results. It also carried out basic research on blockchain technology in the field of power rationing and carbon assets, and applied for more than 60 related soft works, which increased the corresponding scientific and technological service capabilities.

　　Q: In terms of finance, will mobile energy companies have battery banking related business in the future, and which manufacturers are willing to engage in related business at present? What is the business model and profit model of corporate battery banking?

　　A: At present, most of the company’s mobile energy business will adopt the separation mode of vehicle and electricity. Many manufacturers and social capital are actively promoting the battery banking business, such as Weineng Battery Assets Co., Ltd., which has been established in Wuhan. The company has discussed with manufacturers, state-owned enterprises, local governments and other parties how to build an open battery asset management platform. At present, it has conducted in-depth communication with more than 10 manufacturers, and the company has announced that it has reached a certain strategic cooperation agreement with large state-owned enterprises such as Guiyang Production Control. The company will cooperate deeply with all parties to realize a new battery management model.

　　The battery asset management company takes battery assets as the core and manages the whole life cycle of the battery through the blockchain cloud platform. Its revenue comes from two parts, one is the revenue from battery rental, and the other is the subsequent utilization, including the cascade utilization of energy storage and dismantling of batteries to obtain the back-end profit. Through the cloud platform, the company comprehensively monitors the battery data, detects the battery status when changing power, improves the battery use efficiency, prolongs the battery life cycle, and thus increases the rental income. At the end of the battery lease period, the company will decide the subsequent utilization plan of the assets according to the battery state, give full play to the battery value, and thus obtain the management profit of the battery assets.

　　Q: The company is vigorously developing clean energy and mobile energy. What is the estimated annual capital expenditure in the past three years? How do the cash flow and debt ratio support the relevant plans?

　　A: The company will invest in clean energy business, including mobile energy business and upstream business, and it is estimated that the investment expenditure will reach 10 billion to 20 billion in the next three years.

　　How to support the above investment expenditure, in addition to using its own cash flow, the company will finance in various ways. The first is financing tools in the capital market, including refinancing tools in the stock market, such as convertible bonds. In addition, the public offering of Reits is booming now, and some assets of the company, such as wind power assets, have advantages in doing Reits. The company is also actively exploring the issue of public offering of Reits this year.

　　The second is to integrate industrial investment funds. The company will continue to expand cooperation with CICC and explore cooperation with other institutions.

　　The third is business cooperation. In terms of business development such as battery banking, the company strengthens cooperation with other business partners, such as cooperation with Guiyang Production and Control, including joint ventures in some fields, and even considers that in the future, mobile energy will be open to franchise and so on.

　　Fourth, there are many investors interested in the emerging business of mobile energy, and the company intends to open its business to a certain stage and conduct equity financing appropriately.

　　Fifth, traditional project financing, especially in view of the relatively stable income and cash flow of clean energy projects, this mature financing model has been used more before. Doing some project financing not only provides a source of funds, but also helps to improve the profitability of the whole project.

　　All the above financing methods can support the company’s business development. Among them, project financing is a partial debt financing, accounting for only a small part of it, so it will not have a great impact on the overall debt ratio. In business activities, the company will consider the impact of investment on the debt ratio in many ways, and some non-recurring gains and losses are formed because the company will screen and sell some projects if the debt ratio is expected to be too high on the premise of investment and considering the impact on the upper limit of the debt ratio.

　　Q: After more than a year’s operation, how is the company’s power exchange business and power business integrated, and in what aspects is the competitiveness improved?

　　A: After a year of exploration, clean energy business and mobile energy business have summed up some successful experiences. They have strong synergy and gradually built one of the long-term core competitiveness.

　　The first aspect of synergy is that clean energy business and large-scale power transaction provide low-cost electricity for mobile energy for power grid. First of all, the country is now carrying out the development mode of renewable energy with source network and storage, that is, connecting the power generation side, power supply side and load side, that is, the user side, which can be understood as the direct power supply mode. Clean energy business can provide low-cost electricity for mobile energy exchange stations, directly reduce costs and enhance competitiveness; Secondly, through the company’s more than 20 sales licenses in the country, the power purchase cost can be directly reduced by purchasing power on a large scale to supply mobile energy exchange stations. The first source network storage is being promoted in Zhundong County, Xinjiang and Inner Mongolia, and the second type of power procurement has adopted this model in the power exchange stations that have been put into operation in Sichuan.

　　The second aspect of synergy lies in the joint development of clean energy business and mobile energy business, which can avoid repeated investment and build a new ecology of "source network and storage". At present, the development of renewable energy power generation business, whether wind power or photovoltaic, needs to be equipped with energy storage power stations, which is currently a national mandatory policy. The power exchange station itself reserves batteries, and there are nearly 20% spare batteries. This spare battery is an energy storage facility. If the company not only produces clean energy in one place, but also builds a mobile energy exchange station, it can avoid repeated investment. Assuming that energy storage facilities are installed in clean energy production, there is no need to add standby power supply in the power station, which can also save investment. In addition, it can cooperate with the original team in the process of project development, construction and operation, and relying on the existing power plant to build a power station can reduce the investment in power access and site rent.

　　The third aspect of synergy is that the cascade utilization of energy storage batteries or power batteries can realize the construction of low-cost energy storage power stations. Mobile energy needs a large number of power batteries, and these power batteries can be used for energy storage power stations after 3-5 years of retirement. General electric power enterprises need to buy batteries when developing energy storage power stations, but for the company, the cost of battery purchase is close to zero. Through the timely use of batteries and the management of the whole product cycle, the clean energy business and mobile energy business can be highly coordinated.

　　The fourth aspect of synergy is that energy production and energy consumption can be connected to help clean energy consumption.

　　In fact, the power exchange station is a power consumption end. After the power system reform reaches a certain level, the company develops clean energy business and mobile energy business at the same time, which is equivalent to combining energy production and energy consumption, which can be used spontaneously and realize a virtuous circle.

　　Q: The annual report and the first quarterly report reveal that the company has built a total of 16 power stations, and 25 are under construction, showing a seasonal rapid upward trend. Just now, Mr. Fei also introduced 300 plans to build a station this year, so it is estimated that the new plan for the whole year from the second quarter to the fourth quarter, and the relevant land acquisition and other approvals involved in the construction of the station are in hand.

　　A: The company’s goal in 2022 is to build 300 power stations, serving about 30,000 vehicles. So far, the internal project reserve through the investment decision-making committee has reached 150. From May, these 150 power stations will be put into construction one after another, and at the same time, they will be linked with car companies. At present, the general construction period of the project is 2-3 months, and another 2-3 months will be used for vehicle climbing. It is conservatively estimated that 50, 100 and 150 power stations will be built in Q2, Q3 and Q4 respectively.

　　Because there are many reserve projects in the early stage, there will be a trend of heavy volume in the follow-up.

　　Q: Has the whole main business been affected by the epidemic this year, and what effective measures have been taken in production and operation?

　　A: This year, the company was greatly affected by the epidemic situation and the energy price of the Russian-Ukrainian war. The operation of some power plants around Shanghai, including the company’s power exchange business, had a significant impact. With the control of the epidemic situation, enterprises are now starting to return to work, and the heating and power generation of the company’s power plants are gradually becoming normal. The power exchange business is also racing against time to catch up with the construction period and bring back the delayed progress. In terms of production and operation, the company rationally adjusts the operation mode according to the demand of downstream enterprises to reduce the unit consumption index, expand fuel procurement through multiple channels and ensure fuel supply. In addition, the company took advantage of the opportunity of production reduction to do a good job in the overhaul and maintenance of the stopped equipment, and at the same time actively strive for subsidies related to the epidemic situation and strive for tax concessions or reductions.

　　The company is trying to overcome the impact of the epidemic and energy prices. On the basis of good business performance last year, the company has confidence in this year’s operation.

　　The main business of GCL Energy Technology Co., Ltd. is clean energy power generation, cogeneration and comprehensive energy services. The company’s main products are power sales, steam sales and color spinning products.

　　Details of participating institutions are as follows:

　　[Pacific Auto Network] Recently, we photographed the appearance of a new generation of CR-V e:HEV, and the new car will be officially released in 2023. The exterior design of the new car is basically the same as that of the fuel version. The power of the new car is equipped with a brand-new 4th generation iMMD system, which is a dual-motor system, and equipped with a brand-new improved 2.0L Atkinson cycle four-cylinder. Together with the two motors, it brings a comprehensive power of 204 HP and 335 Nm. The new car also provides a traction capacity of up to 1,000 lbs for the first time.

　　The overall design of the new generation CR-V hybrid is not much different from that of the fuel version. The middle nets of both of them are treated with blackened honeycomb, and the headlight group and the middle net are integrated. The upper edge of the middle net is directly inserted into the headlight group, which divides the headlight group into two, so that the LED and the far and near beams are completely separated. However, the difference is that the lower grille adopts a mesh structure, while the fuel version is a honeycomb hexagonal mesh. In addition, the hub, front and rear bumpers, side skirts and other places also adopt blackened style, which is more sporty.

　　The design language of the new generation of Honda models is influenced by the new generation to varying degrees. The sideways design of the new CR-V is not as much as the lines that have risen sharply in the past, and the overall appearance is relatively straight and honest, which is believed to be acceptable to most family buyers. In terms of size, the length, width and height of the new car are 4703/1866/1680mm, which is 2700 mm. Compared with the current model, the length of the car is increased by 82mm, the width of the car is increased by 11mm, the height of the car is increased by 1mm, and the wheelbase is increased by 39 mm.

　　Although the taillights of the new car continue to use the classic vertical and horizontal layout, the barb shape is more eye-catching and even reminiscent of the design. In addition, the lines of tailgate and bumper are more concise, which also creates a certain three-dimensional sense, and there are chrome-plated exhaust on both sides. Generally speaking, the look and feel is much higher. In addition, the hybrid version of the car is equipped with the e:HEV logo at the tail, and the Honda logo at the front of the car is also decorated in blue to show its electrified identity.

　　In terms of power, the hybrid version is equipped with a brand-new 4th-generation dual-motor system and a brand-new improved 2.0L Atkinson cycle four-cylinder. Together with the two motors, it brings a comprehensive power of 204 HP and 335 Nm, and the new car also provides a traction capacity of up to 1,000 lbs for the first time. For more detailed information about the new CR-V, we will continue to follow up the report. (Photo/Text/Photo: Pacific Auto Network Ke Kaiwen)

The real popularity of Chongqing hot pot, only 30 or 40 years, has formed a stubborn diet memory in its origin city. Contrary to people’s impression, the hot pot here is not loose and casual. Under the taste experience, the city has its own strict hot pot rules.

△ Chongqing "Shuibakuai" hot pot originated in the late Qing Dynasty and the early Republic of China, and it is an economical and affordable mass catering.

Lao you Lao Lu old flavor

It is probably the easiest to talk about Chongqing hot pot. After all, who hasn’t eaten several hot pots with the word Chongqing in their brands? But as a Chongqing native, I find it difficult to talk about Chongqing hot pot. "What’s the difference between Chongqing hot pot and Chengdu hot pot?" "Where did Chongqing people’s hot pot memories come from?" When I really want to explore such a question, there is no obvious answer for my reference.

Although there are many forms of shabu-shabu in China, a broad consensus is that Chongqing hotpot originated from Buffalo beef omasum hotpot at the beginning of last century. Li Jieren, a Sichuan-born writer, once wrote in "Talking about Chinese’s Food, Clothing, Housing and Transportation" that in the late Qing Dynasty, the shipping of the Chuanjiang River was prosperous, and there were street vendors in Jie Fangbei area on the north bank of the Yangtze River, who were carrying buffalo viscera at one end and coal stoves at the other, cooking and selling now along the street. This form gradually developed and began to take root and set up shops. According to the literature, hot pot restaurants were once popular during the Anti-Japanese War. At that time, there were people in hot pot restaurants who made marinade, managed the fire, set porcelain on the table, used copper pots, and matched porcelain dishes with pots and teas in Phnom Penh, which was not much different from the current hot pot. In 1942, Guo Moruo celebrated his 50th birthday, and once hosted a hot pot banquet for Xia Hu Sheng and the celebrities in the theater at that time.

However, it can’t be concluded that hot pot was popular at that time. With the support of Chongqing Federation of Industry and Commerce, Qiu Zheng, a reporter from chongqing morning post, visited 100 industrial and commercial practitioners before liberation and published a collection of oral history. Because of the hope of restoring the life in the old city of Chongqing, Qiu Zheng and his fellow travelers asked the old people whether they had any impression of hot pot before liberation. As a result, except for two old people who opened stores, only a few old people had an impression of hot pot. This can prove that Chongqing hot pot was popular for a short time during the Republic of China, but it is far from reaching the level of national cuisine today. Then, with the decline of the market economy after the public-private partnership in the 1950s, hot pot once disappeared into the food memory of Chongqing people, and it was not until the 1980s after the reform and opening up that hot pot returned to the commercial catering map of Chongqing.

Like the origin of hot pot, the second revival of hot pot also started from Chaotianmen and spread away. Tuotuo, a veteran hot pot eater born in the 1970s, was born and raised around Jie Fangbei. He remembers that he had to go to Linjiangmen near Jie Fangbei after school when he was a child, and he smelled the smell of Dongzi hot pot and butter hot pot, and he thought it was the most fragrant thing besides automobile exhaust.

Tuotuo became popular with me. In the past, Chongqing hot pot did not charge the bottom of the pot, but "washed the oil" after the soup was used, that is, filtered off the residue, boiled at high temperature, evaporated the water vapor, and left the red old oil for recycling. In the early years, materials were scarce, Chongqing people loved to eat heavy oil, and hot pot was civilian. Using old oil can solve the problem of ordinary people eating hot pot. Tuotuo is also a staunch "old oil pie". I asked him how long he could use the old oil for cooking hot pot at home, and he said all his life. This must be an exaggeration. I am a taxi driver in Lu Yu. I always cook hot pot at home and fry it well. He said that the service life of his old oil in domestic hot pot is generally one year, not because I have doubts about the quality of the oil, but because the ingredients absorb the oil, and the old oil is sucked up after only a few scalds.

The old oil used in hot pot is the helplessness of material shortage, but because of repeated cooking, it has unexpectedly gained a heavy feeling and become a source of flavor. Tan Tinggang, the owner of the hot pot restaurant, entered the hot pot industry in the 1990s. He was an apprentice at the Dan Dan hot pot stall near Chaotianmen. He remembered that in his early years, he not only used old oil in the hot pot, but also left a spoonful of the soup base the day before and added a new pot, just like the old marinade of the marinated vegetables. Senior diners will also emphasize with pride that old oil is not waste oil. For them, no matter how well the disposable pot bottom is made, it only has fragrance and lacks heavy feeling, just like perfume lacks hierarchy, only the front tone, not the middle tone and the back tone.

△ The chef is often the highest-paid employee of Chongqing Hot Pot Restaurant.

Thick beef oil pan

Chongqing hot pot is an art of combination. Generally speaking, there are two factors that determine whether a store’s hot pot is good or not: soup base and ingredients. The soup base determines whether a hot pot is an old hot pot or a new hot pot. The old hot pot is the absolute mainstream of the local market in Chongqing, and most of the chain brands familiar to foreigners belong to the new school. What is a hot pot? In the past, it used to refer to hot pot with old oil. The ingredient of old oil is butter, but now it is not emphasized, but butter can never be changed.

The animal fat used in Chongqing’s home cooking is usually lard, which is fine and smooth, while butter has large fat particles, rough taste, special fragrance and smell, and is rarely used in traditional Sichuan cuisine. However, compared with lard, the melting point of butter is as high as 40℃ ~ 46℃, which is very easy to solidify, so it has strong adhesion and is easy to stick to ingredients. It tastes rich and heavy, but it has become a natural spicy hot pot soup. In Chongqing, the one who dares to play the signboard of the old hot pot, the bottom of a pot of soup, usually has a butter content of 5 ~ 6 kg, which is equivalent to the proportion of broth in the bottom of the pot. Butter has a high degree of fusion, so even if the soup base rolls away, the grease will not all swing on the surface of the water, but will be mixed with water, clear and dense, and the taste will be heavy without hemp, and the ingredients with fierce regeneration will be able to withstand the rolling, giving people satisfaction. In the old Chongqing hotpot, there was only one kind of butter as the base material. However, in the process of improvement, some hotpot restaurants will add a small amount of rapeseed oil and lard, one is to slow down the solidification speed of the pot bottom, and the other is to make the soup bottom smoother, but the rapeseed oil and lard can’t exceed 20% at most, and any more will be scarce. Of course, this is the standard of Chongqing. In other places, even the most authentic Chongqing old hot pot restaurant, generally speaking, the butter content at the bottom of a pot is at most 2 ~ 3 kg, or even as little as 1 kg. In the words of Chongqing people, it is called floating oil, just to get some butter flavor.

For Chongqing hotpot, a good choice of butter is half the battle. In the past, most owners of hot pot restaurants bought beef fat and went home to refine oil, but with the development of hot pot industry in Chongqing, most old hot pot restaurants bought finished butter. In order to meet the production standards, industrialized butter will choose to lose some of its flavor, and with the shortage of products, the impurities mixed in butter will also increase. Therefore, in recent years, a few hot pot restaurant owners have chosen to buy fresh beef fat and go home to refine their own oil. Du Jian, the owner of Shapingba No.2 Hot Pot, is one of them. He told me that to refine more pure and moist butter, we should choose the fat with the hind legs close to the buttocks. Butter refining takes a lot of effort. If it is too old, it will lose its unique butter flavor. If it is too raw, it will smell too strong, and it will also produce a lot of bubbles at the bottom of the hot pot. At present, it is Du Jian’s mother who has mastered this technique.

When an old Chongqing person walks to the door of a hot pot restaurant, he can smell the color of a hot pot, while people who are used to eating butter pot bottoms will always feel airy and empty when they eat other pot bottoms. It is precisely because butter is too "real" for neighboring Chengdu people to accept, so the bottom of Chengdu hot pot is generally made of clear oil, that is, rapeseed oil, plus various spices. It looks like a red pot, but it tastes completely different and tastes full of plant fragrance. That aroma is easy to get on clothes, which is the source of "hot pot flavor" in many hot pot restaurants.

△ In the wholesale market, a vendor is handling duck intestines, which is one of the most sold ingredients in Chongqing hot pot industry.

The contest between oil dish and bottom soup

Before I returned to Chongqing, someone told me that dipping is also one of the criteria for observing whether a Chongqing old hot pot is authentic. When I was waiting in line at the store of Erchafang, I chatted with a local and used the word "taste dish" when talking about this topic. The result was repeated three times, and the other party was still confused. It was not until I wrote it that he suddenly realized, "You said oil dish!" Later, I learned that for Chongqing people, dipping sauce has no seasoning function, so they don’t have the concept of "taste dish"

The standard dipping sauce of Chongqing old hotpot is oil dish, which mainly uses sesame oil. Some stores will serve it on the table, and some stores will put a vat directly at the door of the store with a faucet for customers to pick up. Some foreigners can’t react and think it is tea. In addition to sesame oil, some stores also provide rapeseed oil, which is mixed with a small amount of garlic to cool down, smooth and enhance fragrance. Some people add vinegar to the oil dish in order to reduce the spicy degree, which is tolerable, but oyster sauce is not. Oyster sauce originated in Chengdu, which is too fresh for Chongqing people and has a heavy sweet taste, and it is easy to spoil the taste of hot pot soup. One theory is that the soup base of Chongqing hotpot can be used to soak rice directly, but no one does it now, but there are still many people who directly put a few spoonfuls of soup in a bowl for dipping without using an oil dish. In the eyes of these people, the hotpot that needs dipping seasoning is definitely a failure.

Chongqing people’s grasp of spicy taste is very subtle, even in order to retain the fragrance of pepper and pepper itself, they firmly rejected any spices. This, of course, came out after repeated trials and choices. Zhang Zhengxiong, president of Chongqing Catering Association, remembers that in the early days of reform and opening up, the bottom material of Chongqing hot pot was watercress, which contained starch, was highly dependent, and the ingredients were easy to taste. There was also a unique flavor of watercress, and the soup contained crystal sugar mash, so the hot pot at that time was very mellow and sweet, which was not considered as spicy marijuana. But then, in order to pursue a more extreme taste experience, Chongqing people abandoned douban and turned the main ingredient into Zanba sea pepper. Ciba sea pepper refers to removing the pedicels of fresh peppers, washing them clean, adding condiments such as ginger and garlic cloves and crushing them into balls, which looks like Ciba, and its characteristics are clear, dry and spicy. In Zhang Zhengxiong’s view, this is a wrong expression of ingredients. Therefore, watercress returned to the bottom material of hot pot. Now, the bottom material of Chongqing old hot pot often uses watercress and Ciba sea pepper at the same time, and finally forms a basic flavor that takes into account the spicy and strong flavor of hemp.

The strength and aggressiveness of spicy taste itself can easily make people think that they are rude and monotonous, and then think that they can easily enter the hot pot industry. This illusion may be effective for areas outside Chongqing, and hot pot is indeed the most easily standardized catering industry under the condition of low requirements for flavor itself. Little Swan is the first brand in Chongqing to join the chain nationwide and realize the automation of hot pot bottom material production, but its general manager Liu Qing told me that there must be a difference between an automated factory and a hand-fried bottom material, because a good frying master will adjust the frying time, duration and intensity according to the temperature and humidity of the environment, and the frying equipment is not so intelligent.

△ Chongqing diners eat hot pot in a hot pot restaurant transformed from a bomb shelter.

Bai Jia Bai Wei hotpot Jianghu

In order to bring out a unique soup base, a good hot pot owner needs to know the characteristics of pepper and sea pepper like the palm of his hand. Du Jian, the owner of the second hot pot, used to go to the market to taste pepper and pepper when he was free. He told me that pepper is relatively simple, and the most important thing is to see if there are impurities, that is, whether the black seeds are cleaned. If they are not cleaned, the boiled soup will be bitter. In contrast, the functions and types of peppers are extremely rich. At least three types of peppers are needed for the most mediocre Chongqing old hotpot soup base, one is the main spicy, the other is the fragrance, and the other is the color enhancement. In each different type of pepper, the variety and quality are very different, and the combination depends entirely on the master’s own collocation, which is why some hot pots look full of peppers, but they are not spicy at all, while some hot pots can make their mouths spicy, but their stomachs are intimate and won’t upset.

At Shuang Fu International Farmers Market in jiangjin district, Chongqing, Xiao Cong, who wholesales peppers, told me that there are nearly 20 kinds of peppers wholesale in his shop, and the output, quality and price of peppers are different every year, so it is necessary for the master to check it himself. The customers of hot pot restaurants that Xiao Cong has seen are one after another. Some bosses are excited at first, buying ingredients and studying the flavor, but they are soon defeated, falling to the bottom material of standardized production, and then casually adding peppers with different characteristics and scribbling them on the table. This kind of hot pot restaurant often won’t last long.

Those old hot pot restaurants that can catch fire must have personalized tastes, such as Er Hot Pot in Du Jian, which is extremely spicy and spicy, and young people like it very much. The first time I went to his house to eat hot pot, I just felt that the dishes were soft and delicious at first, but after eating for 10 minutes, as soon as a mouthful of duck blood was put into my mouth, the pungent taste exploded in my mouth, and I almost swallowed the duck blood in pain. Immediately, sweat suddenly started from my forehead, and raindrops dripped down and never stopped. But after careful understanding, there is no too hot feeling in the stomach, and the feeling after eating is carefree.

Du Jian is actually less than 30 years old. When he was a child, he owned a Sichuan restaurant at home. He felt that the chef was not doing well. He cooked for himself in his teens, and later he cooked hot pot himself. Later, he simply opened a hot pot restaurant himself. The shop is in my home, the family area of the closed state-owned cotton mill in Shapingba. At first, only a few tables were set up, and with repeat customers, it slowly expanded to both sides, and rented several residents in the surrounding lanes, so that the scale of 33 tables was achieved today. A large pot was set up outside the store every day, and the raw materials and ingredients were fried now. Like many Chongqing hot pot restaurants, he only cooks this meal at night, opens at 4 pm, and stays out for fitness and playing ball during the day.

Unlike Du Jian’s extreme spicy food for young people, Tan Tinggang’s "Guaner Hotpot" is a more traditional flavor. On the day I went to interview him, a guest came into the store and shouted, "Yuanyang pot, the old taste is a little worse!" " Listening to the voice, Tan Tinggang knew that he was a regular customer and shouted back loudly: "You can’t get used to the old taste." There shouted, "Take foreign guests to have a taste." After that, he disappeared into the lobby, and Tan Tinggang returned: "That’s even worse." Without waiting for an answer, he called to the waiter himself, "Give them a mandarin duck pot to lighten the old taste."

The old flavor in the mouths of guests and Tan Tinggang refers to the unique paste flavor in Guaner Hotpot Restaurant. Spicy paste is a long-standing and fixed flavor in Sichuan cuisine, which comes from the flavor emitted by pepper segments and peppers when they are fried to near zoom, and its representative dish is kung pao chicken. Tan Tinggang had studied Sichuan cuisine before, and he said that Mao Xuewang in restaurants around Chaotianmen before liberation was also that kind of fragrant paste. Tan Tinggang wants to make this flavor, which is related to his experience in opening a shop. He opened a hot pot restaurant in Chengdu more than ten years ago, and his business was extremely hot at first. However, because of his lack of characteristics, after the number of competitors increased, he could not do it soon and had to close down. When he first returned to Chongqing to make a comeback, he wanted to make pickled peppers, but he found that it had been made by another hot pot restaurant, so he had to turn to the paste incense he is making now. First, he could catch the guests in the fifties and sixties, and second, he wanted to find a differentiated route in the hot pot rivers and lakes of Chongqing in blood shed.

The secret of burning incense is to fry the pepper until it is slightly burnt. If it is not burnt, it will be tasteless, but if it is too burnt, it will be bitter, so the degree of burning depends on his experience. Tan Tinggang learned this flavor from another hot pot restaurant, but made a little improvement. Pumpkin seeds and sunflower seeds were parched, ground into powder, fragrant, added to the bottom of the pot, and mixed with the burnt aroma of pepper to make it just right. Tan Tinggang is quite proud of this model. "I may be the only one in Chongqing."

On the public comment website, the rating of Guaner Hotpot is not high, but his passenger flow is stable. During the interview, he showed me which tables were acquaintances and which tables had been eaten by him for ten years. When he was pointing it out to me, a table of guests rushed over and said, "The aftertaste in the pot is too heavy and sweet. What’s the matter?" Tan Tinggang quickly asked the waiter to feed. He said that it was because the proportion of the Yuanyang pot was different, the waiter was inexperienced, and there was too much mash and rock sugar on the side of the spicy pot. In this case, you can’t add water, you can only add spicy materials, add raw oil, and suppress the sweetness.

One saying is that in the hot pot market in Chongqing, the taste of all hot pots can reach the passing line, but if the passing line goes up, it will become very difficult to climb. In addition to different tastes of different people, there are also some strange situations. For example, some time ago, Tan Tinggang found that the bottom of his own pot would burn white and yellow foam, while the normal foam should be yellow and red, and it would disappear when the water boiled. Tan Tinggang didn’t know what was going on, so he had to pull out seven or eight pots, put the same materials, and made a control experiment to find out the problem. Finally, he found that the newly changed chicken essence was not suitable. This slight difference affects the taste, but it is so small that not every guest can find it. If the boss can’t find it himself, the life of the pot of soup will slowly wither away.

Chongqing people choose hot pot, and in turn, hot pot is reshaping the taste experience of Chongqing people. Zhang Zhengxiong said that Chongqing Sichuan cuisine used to be slightly spicy, while hot pot was extremely spicy. In the late 1980s, he worked in Beijing for a period of time. When communicating with others, the representatives of Sichuan cuisine mentioned were shredded pork with fish flavor, Mapo tofu, kung pao chicken and Sichuan style pork. But more than a decade ago, when he went to Beijing again to communicate with people, the representatives of Sichuan cuisine had become authentic Jianghu dishes such as Maoxuewang, boiled fish and greedy frog. The same spicy flavor makes Jianghu dishes and hot pot known as brother dishes and sister dishes. According to Zhang Zhengxiong’s observation, it is the rise of hot pot that reshapes the taste experience and memory of Chongqing people and promotes the popularization and development of Jianghu dishes.

Hairy belly praise

Chongqing people don’t eat hot pot, but say hot, hot pot must be hot and fresh hairy belly. Hot pot tastes heavy, and Chongqing people’s requirements for fresh ingredients and original taste are relatively low, and hairy belly is a rare counterexample. Beef tripe is beef stomach, and cattle are ruminants. There are four stomachs, namely rumen, reticulate stomach, flap stomach and abomasum. Among them, flap stomach is the scientific name of beef tripe, which is leaf-shaped and does not secrete gastric juice. Its function in cattle is to absorb water and acid produced by fermentation of forage during rumination.

Melaleuca tripe usually sold in hot pot restaurants in other places is not fresh beef tripe, but a processed product of beef tripe after high-temperature autoclaving. Similarly, there is beef tripe, which is also a dry beef tripe soaked in alkaline water or a liquid with a specific biological enzyme to make it swell again. When scalding, the thousand-layer belly and hairy belly do not shrink, and they are not old for a long time, and the taste is delicate and crisp enough, which is very popular in other places. However, these two ingredients are simply not found on the menu of most Chongqing old hot pot.

Chongqing people’s choice is fresh beef tripe. Compared with thousand layers of beef tripe and hairy tripe, fresh beef tripe has a unique flavor of beef stomach, which is crisp and slag-melting. Among the beef tripe varieties in the market at present, it is a general consensus that the quality of beef tripe in buffalo is better than that of beef tripe in cattle. However, buffalo beef is rough and sour, which is not a beef breed and has less slaughter, so the supply is in short supply.

The color and shape of beef omasum and beef omasum are almost the same, and there are only three differences. First, the top of the protruding thorn on beef omasum is sharp, while the top of the protruding thorn on beef omasum is round, but the length of the protruding thorn is only three or four millimeters, so it is difficult to distinguish it without rich experience. Second, the stomach wall of buffalo beef omasum is thicker, which is also the reason why buffalo beef omasum tastes fuller, but the thickness of beef omasum meat is related to the growth cycle of cattle itself, not only to the variety; Third, the fresh buffalo hairy belly is stiff like a collar, while the ox hairy belly is as soft as a towel. These differences are logical to say, but it is difficult to apply them in practice. Guo Jianguo, who has been doing beef omasum business in Chongqing for decades, told me that in fact, in the fresh goods market, many hot pot restaurant owners can’t tell the difference between beef omasum with water and beef omasum with cattle.

It is still unknown whether you can get a good fresh hairy belly. Fresh beef omasum requires extremely high timeliness, so beef omasum workers need to take out the abdominal cavity of the cow in the fastest time when the cow is slaughtered, clean it up, dry it slightly, and immediately wrap it with ice cubes. The flap stomach of cattle is actually extremely difficult to handle. The leaf-like stomach pages are arranged in the spherical stomach wall, like a dense seaweed, which is uneven and full of semi-digested products of cattle. When Guo Jianguo was young, he cooperated with slaughterhouses in Chongqing, and all the beef tripes in the slaughterhouse were covered in years. His business was able to grow because he handled beef tripes quickly, and he could handle a flap stomach in three or four minutes at the earliest. If you are unhappy, the stomach page will easily rot, and the layer of meat thorn will fall off as soon as you rub it. It can only be used to make a dry hairy belly or a thousand layers of belly. Sometimes, after the cattle are slaughtered, if the slaughterhouse workers don’t gut their stomachs in time, the quality of beef omasum will drop rapidly, and the wholesale price of beef omasum will be 2-3 times worse than that of beef omasum in a few minutes.

In recent years, Guo Jianguo handed over his business to his daughter and son-in-law, and he drove to Jie Fangbei to play mahjong every day. His daughter told me that now their hairy bellies come from Xinjiang as far away as possible, and the workers are sent from Chongqing by themselves, so they work in the local slaughterhouse, get the hairy bellies, treat them, and send them back to Chongqing by shipping immediately. The fastest time is only 4 hours. Sometimes, these hairy bellies will return to the starting city after a tour of the fresh goods market in Chongqing, because it is difficult for other cities to find suitable workers who can handle fresh hairy bellies so perfectly like Chongqing people. In fact, most of the fresh hairy bellies used in hot pot in China now come from Chongqing. Local hot pot restaurants in Chongqing are more demanding. After dealing with beef omasum wholesalers, they often take the whole stomach flap directly from the slaughterhouse and put it in the store for refrigeration. When there are few guests at noon, the guests will tear it now, and when there are many guests at night, they will tear it one or two hours in advance and put it on a plate for refrigeration. Tearing here refers to tearing the hairy belly off the stomach wall by hand. This is also different from the past. In the past, it was cut with a knife and put together with the stomach wall. However, the time when the stomach wall and stomach leaves became brittle was out of sync, and now it has been abandoned by many hot pot restaurants.

But for diners, a good dish of hairy belly is served, and the adventure has just begun. Many foreign guests have heard of the saying that scalding a hairy belly requires "seven ups and eight downs", and Zhang Zhengxiong does not agree with this statement. He told me that different people scald their hairy bellies differently. Some people fly up and down, some people dangle from side to side, and some people think that chopsticks are caught in a fixed position, which affects the uniform heating of their hairy bellies. They will use chopsticks to turn around the pot with a piece of hairy bellies, which is as flexible as dancing with their heads covered. Old diners never rely on time to iron their hairy bellies, but rely on their eyesight to see that all the hairy bellies in the pot are stiff and slightly curly, and when they swing elastically, they can’t cook any more. But to be honest, even after eating eight hot pots in Chongqing and listening to different people’s experiences in scalding their stomachs, I still dare not say anything about this skill.

Among the hot pot ingredients in Chongqing, the only one that can be compared with beef omasum is duck intestines and goose intestines. Zhang Zhengxiong told me that duck intestines, as ingredients, appeared in the hot pot in Chongqing during the Republic of China, but at that time they were mainly cooked and scalded. The store cooked the duck intestines first, served them on the table, and diners just rinsed them in the pot when eating. Now it’s hot now, and it’s also fresh and crisp.

In fact, following this taste, Chongqing people have developed their ability to dig up ingredients to the extreme and found many tricky ingredients such as yellow throat, waist slices, beef liver and pig root. The yellow throat is the main artery of animals, also known as the heart tube. It existed in Chongqing hot pot during the Republic of China, but it is thicker than the pig’s yellow throat and tastes better. However, if it is not handled well, it is easy to get old and can’t be bitten. Zhang Zhengxiong told me that it is because yellow throat is difficult to deal with. In the past, the level of a chef in a restaurant was determined by how well he did yellow throat. Waist slices and beef liver are relatively popular ingredients, but the thinner they are cut, the more brittle they will be when they are scalded. Because the waist slices are well handled, there is also a chain hotpot restaurant in Chongqing that puts "broadsword waist slices" into the store name. Root was added to hot pot only after the 1980s. Root needs to be cooked for a long time, and its taste is a little strange. But it still ranks among the menus of old hot pot restaurants for a long time because of its crispness.

Most crisp foods are tasteless, which means that the taste of the base soup can only adhere to the surface of the ingredients, which requires dry dishes. A dry dish is actually a dish of dried Chili noodles, with pepper noodles and salt, chicken essence monosodium glutamate and so on. Among them, dried Chili must be coarse-grained, which is not only spicy but also crisp when eaten in the mouth. Dry dishes can be used with almost all ingredients that are not tasty, especially loin slices, except hairy belly, because dry dishes will mask the aroma of hairy belly itself.

△ Chongqing people love to eat Jiugongge, and Gege hot dishes are different and have their own rules.

Jiugongge: Order and Freedom

A standard Chongqing hotpot should have a grid and a nine-square grid. Jiugongge originated from assembling tables, and Li Jieren recorded in detail the hot pot compartmentalization during the Republic of China: "At first, it was a general peddler who bought buffalo viscera … a mud stove was placed on the bear’s head, and a compartmentalized ocean iron basin was placed on the stove. A spicy, hemp and salty marinade was boiled upside down in the basin, so the friends by the river and at the bridge, who generally sold labor, and beggars who got a few articles and wanted meat, etc. Everyone thinks that a grid of marinade juice is hot and eaten. Eating a few pieces and counting some money is not only economical, but also can increase calories. "

There is the same record in the book of oral history "Industry and Commerce in Yuzhong". In the book, an old man named Xie Yumei recalled that in the Republic of China, she and her mother set up a table to sell hot pot outside the shack where they lived and took the civilian route. "Generally, in the morning, I will go to Chaotianmen to guard the vegetable boat. The vegetable boat will throw some bad dishes on the river. When we pick them up, we will wash them on the river and carry them back. The cut vegetables are divided into ingredients, and they are cooked in one pot. Each dish is eaten, and there is no oil dish. The rice is casually scooped. " Until the second revival of hot pot in the 1980s, many Chongqing people still had the experience of eating hot pot together.

On the basis of patchwork, the early chafing dish was taboo, and the ingredients with heavy chlorophyll and high starch content could not be put into the pot, because chlorophyll would make the soup black, and starch would easily precipitate and stick to the pot, which would make it paste and bitter, all of which were bad soup and bad water. With the disposable use of base soup, the taboo of ingredients has long been broken, and the inclusiveness of Chongqing hot pot to ingredients is highlighted. Instead of leaving the market, the grid of hot pot born of practicality has developed a unique vitality of food, which comes from the fact that different grids of base soup have different heating areas, different temperatures and different foods that can be boiled.

In the hot pot culture exhibition hall on the first floor of Hongyadong, there is a nine-square-grid heat map, from which we can see that the center grid with the highest heat is the one with the highest temperature, and most of the scalding ingredients with crisp taste finish gorgeous transformation in this grid; The temperature of the four corners is the second, and it is generally used for cooking ingredients that can only be eaten for ten minutes, such as spicy beef, old meat slices, fat intestines, dried liver, potatoes, etc. Cross-grid pot bottom has the smallest heating area, and it will not boil almost all the time. It is suitable for scalding food, such as brain flower, bean curd and blood curd, which can be thrown into these grids, stewed with slow fire, taken out when leaving the table, and feasted.

At first, my understanding of Chongqing hot pot ingredients only came from scalding, but Tan Tinggang told me that people who really eat old hot pot pay special attention to the process of "simmering" in addition to scalding. Only the ingredients simmered slowly can fully absorb the flavor of the bottom soup. Therefore, Chongqing locals eat old hot pot and never order fat beef and sheep rolls of unknown origin. Instead, they love old sliced meat and spicy beef. Tan Tinggang explained to me that the old sliced meat is also called eyebrow meat, which comes from the upper shoulder blades of pigs. It is a muscle that pigs often use during exercise. It weighs about five or six kilograms and is about 20 centimeters long. It is crosscut, and there are several white fat interlaced in the middle. It looks like plum blossom, also called plum blossom meat. Old meat slices must be cut thick, 5 ~ 10 mm is the best, and placed in four corners, it will be more tender and delicious. Unlike the old meat slices that emphasize specific parts, the focus of spicy beef is "spicy". The cut beef will be marinated in advance, wrapped in a layer of Chili noodles, and then thrown into the pot for stew. Well-made spicy beef, the seasoning coded in advance will not fall off when taking out the pot, but the hot pot soup will stimulate the taste buds together.

In Chongqing, no hot pot restaurant dares to claim that its ingredients are perfect, but each one always has its own special ingredients. Tan Tinggang is proud of two kinds of ingredients, one is tiger skin chicken feet, and the other is pure duck blood. Tiger skin chicken feet are cooked first, then fried, finally soaked in cold water, and then served in a pot to cook. The inspiration is obviously from Cantonese chicken feet with soy sauce. Pure duck blood is also a special ingredient of Chongqing hot pot. Hot pots in other places often use fresh duck blood. The so-called fresh duck blood is actually blended with duck blood, and it is jelly-like and tender when cooked. Pure duck blood is 100% duck blood boiled in water first, and then picked up and cut into pieces for later use. This kind of duck blood is full of pores, which can’t be boiled in the pot, and its taste is soft and full of soup, which is completely different from the flavor of fresh duck blood.

Du Jian’s recommended dish on the menu is rake beef, which means close to softness, a kind of softness that melts when it is close to the entrance. This ingredient was inspired by him from braised beef noodles, but he improved it. The braised beef pieces are bigger, close to half a fist, and softer. They are cooked at the back end and served on the table, then stewed in the pot for ten minutes, fished up the oil dish and sent to the mouth, which is a rich color.

Reporter Wang Haiyan Photography Yu Chuzhong

This article was published in the 27th issue of Sanlian Life Weekly in 2019.

Original title: Chongqing hotpot, rich layers in spicy food

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The exclusive non-fiction works are first published in the mirror column. If you need to reprint them, please contact the backstage of WeChat in Paike Workshop.

Text | huimin jin

Edit | Lin Ziyao

Editor’s note:

On April 7, 2022, Pudong Hospital was transformed into a designated hospital in COVID-19 to treat COVID-19-positive hemodialysis patients. Dr. huimin jin, doctoral supervisor of Fudan University and director of the Department of Nephrology of Pudong Hospital, and his colleagues stuck to their posts in a special period and fought day and night to save many hemodialysis patients.

The following is his medical diary:

April 26, 2022

The 20th day of the designated hospital.

How time flies! In a blink of an eye, I have been in charge of hemodialysis patients in designated hospitals for 20 days. Although some have returned to the community after discharge, there are still patients who are constantly new and seriously ill. Every morning, like a war, it is necessary to focus on the seriously ill patients and decide which patients need bedside dialysis, and the patients whose condition is relatively stable will go to the hemodialysis room for dialysis. The doctor’s advice for hemodialysis should be made on the same day, and the corresponding ward should be informed. Checking nucleic acid is also an important task, which is the standard to judge whether a patient can leave the hospital. The first batch of medical staff in the hospital have changed rooms, but all our nephrologists are in the first batch, and there are no redundant doctors to change with us, so we must continue to work.

Originally, the work has been on the right track, and everyone is proceeding in an orderly way. At the same time, we hope to treat more COVID-19-positive hemodialysis patients. However, this calm mood was interrupted by a sudden notice yesterday afternoon. The hospital asked all positive patients in our hospital to be transferred to other designated hospitals the next day (today) in order to make room for bleeding and provide treatment for more negative hemodialysis patients. So, several doctors filled in all the information of patients to be transferred, wrote the transfer summary and transfer receipt …… and arranged dialysis for hemodialysis patients this morning (Tuesday).

Dr Yang Xiuhong.

After Dr. Yang took over from the night shift, he contacted each ward about dialysis this morning, so as to ensure that after dialysis, the burden of doctors in the next receiving hospital will not be increased, and it is hoped that there will be no more dialysis for a long time and emergency hemodialysis will be needed in the new hospital. Today, all doctors and hemodialysis nurses arrived at their posts during the day to arrange dialysis and transfer to other hospitals. The head nurse of nephrology repeatedly checks the patient information to avoid information errors or missing any hemodialysis patients, and at the same time, she personally checks in the ward to do a good job in the ideological work of each patient’s cooperation with the transfer. Dr. Bao and Dr. Zhang are responsible for the guarantee of bus transshipment, and personally pay full armed to accompany patients to the corresponding hospitals.

The work in designated hospitals should have ended here. According to the regulations, it should be 7+7 (isolation for 7 days+isolation at home for 7 days), but our team can only rest for one week, and other COVID-19-negative patients are waiting for us. I would like to thank all the friends of our hemodialysis team here. Without your support and dedication, everything would be impossible, and it is still vivid to dispatch emergency bedside dialysis every night. ……

List of nine doctors: huimin jin, Gu Huifang, Gu Yanhong, Zhou Dongchi, Zhan Xiaoli, Fu Shunkun, Yang Xiuhong, Bao Wenjing and Zhang Hua.

Doctor’s photo (1)

Thirteen nurses in hemodialysis room: Shen Li, Li Dongfeng, Guo Xiaocui, Huang Minmin, Huang Shidan, Qian Jiayan, Wu Huimin, Gu Xuehua, Zhu Danhong, Zhang Wei, Gu Xiaoli, Chen Xiaoqing and Cao Honghui. Li Li and Lai Bihong, head nurses of nephrology and hemodialysis room. Finally, I would also like to thank Shen Li, the benchmark nurse of hemodialysis, for building a WeChat group for our team-Left-behind Hemodialysis Desperate Saburo. In this group, many important rescues are issued and executed from the group. It may not be appropriate to call Saburo Desperate. There are only three male doctors, and the other doctors and nurses are all women, but it doesn’t matter. Everyone just works hard or Saburo Desperately.

After nearly a month’s treatment of hemodialysis patients in a closed community and 20 days’ experience in a designated hospital, the biggest change is that the hair of our female doctors and nurses in charge of hemodialysis is dry and forked, and half of my own white hair is now completely white. This is the biggest change during the epidemic, and this change will continue. I don’t know when it will end. Let’s experience the feeling of home. Tomorrow will be a 5+2 rest. Tomorrow is also our doctor Yang’s birthday. Her greatest wish is to have a braised pork, but such a simple wish is hard to come true, because we can’t go home. I have promised her that I can let her eat braised pork every day after the epidemic is over.

April 17, 2022

The 11th day of the designated hospital.

Seven o’clock. The epidemic in Shanghai began in mid-March, and it has been a month now.

Our young doctors have experienced too many things that have never been touched before, and they all feel physically and mentally exhausted, and they feel like they are collapsing at any time.

Dr. Zhang Hua is one of the young doctors. Today, I ended my diary with Dr. Zhang Hua’s essay:

When I left home, my little grandpa couldn’t shout clearly. Now he can recognize Arabic numerals, and he has been fighting the epidemic for 42 days in the blink of an eye. I entered the cabin at 2 am last night, and more than eight hours have passed since I came out. I have always felt that some patients are pitiful and always want to be perfect, but there are too many poor people in the world. Classmates say you always pity others. Does anyone pity you? Yes, we are also the poorest people. We always want to protect others as much as possible, but who will protect us? From the first closed-loop week, sleeping in hospital beds and camp beds to living without a fixed place, we have been persisting and persisting.

One day it happened that I was on duty 24 hours a day. At last, after everyone left, the ward was empty, except for the noisy voice of the construction team. I felt scared alone in the duty room. Our patients on the 13th floor temporarily merged into 15A, but the doctor on duty did not have a foothold in 15A, so I went to the 13B duty room for one night.

Later, I heard that the hospital was going to become a control area. Area A was the remaining negative patients, and Area B was the patients from the control area. Later, the hospital arranged a hotel for us, and we finally ended the days of moving around. Slowly, the number of patients in the control area increased, and later, other hospitals transferred a group of patients to our hospital overnight, and some medical staff fell down because of their busy work.

Doctor’s photo (2)

This period of time is the most difficult time in our department. We have to take care of patients across several wards, and there are constant emergency consultations and hemodialysis patients in the middle of the night. The most impressive time for me was that I invited 5-6 urgent consultations in the emergency room one night, which was equivalent to that I hardly slept in the middle of the night. In the most difficult time, only three doctors in our ward were on duty 24 hours a day. Later, there were more and more emergency cases and more and more serious cases. Dr. Fu is our big brother. He shoulders the burden of the control area and consultation. He takes care of all the serious first-aid patients in advance. We three little guys are in charge of the ward, and Director Jin takes the initiative to take the fourth shift of hemodialysis (equivalent to 24-hour round-the-clock rotation in the hemodialysis room).

Because recently, many people can’t get dialysis treatment in time because of closure, and some of them have not had dialysis for 5-6 days, and their lives will be in danger at any time. For them, Director Jin opened the fourth hemodialysis class without hesitation, so we maintained it for some time. Thank you, Brother Fu, for silently taking on so much for us, because he has to keep shuttling through the sealed control area, emergency room and fever clinic (some patients have no nucleic acid reports), and he can only bite the bullet to save his life. Our brother Fu finally fell down. Yes, this is our life. I hope that the epidemic will end as soon as possible, that we will return home as soon as possible, and that our son can recognize his mother … "

May 4, 2022:

Today is the first day of the change from positive to negative. After a short week’s rest, the original dialysis room was completely sterilized, and the first batch of patients were ushered in after many sampling inspections passed. Most of them are our old patients, and everyone is very happy to meet again. It is also orderly to enter the hemodialysis room in the morning, and most of them have 24-hour nucleic acid negative results. Individuals who do not have 24-hour nucleic acid also communicate with patients and their families, and immediately contact the neighborhood Committee to complete the nucleic acid test as soon as possible after returning.

Jin Yisheng examined the patient.

At 5: 30 in the evening, the third class of patients arrived and met another patient who needed temporary deep vein catheterization due to internal fistula occlusion. With the joint efforts of the Deputy Director of Vascular Surgery and Dr. Zhou of Nephrology Department, the catheter was successfully placed and dialysis began immediately. Today, three classes of dialysis, Nephrology dispatched nine doctors, cooperated together, and the division of labor was clear, and the dialysis of nearly 200 patients in three classes was completed in an orderly manner.

Today, the weather is fine, and the sun is shining brightly during the day, but our medical and service staff still need to put on white clothes, and they are already sweating before they work. The third nurse kept calling for heat after getting on the plane, but there was no way but to endure it. I hope these days will end as soon as possible.

The happiest thing today is that our doctor Fu has recovered. He is in the third shift today, and his spirit is very good. Together with him and Dr. Yang, I checked the patients in the third shift well. Dr. Fu particularly emphasized one patient. This patient is an old patient in our center. Last night, he went to Chuansha People’s Hospital because of chest pain. In the emergency department, he checked his electrocardiogram and myocardial enzymes, all of which were abnormal, but the patient refused to be hospitalized. Dialysis happened to consult Dr. Xiao Fu again this evening. Dr. Xiao Fu patiently and carefully looked at all the tests of the patient and thought that acute myocardial infarction could not be ruled out. He suggested that the patient go to Chuansha Hospital immediately after dialysis tonight, because the emergency room of Pudong Hospital was temporarily closed, and the hospital was a designated COVID-19 positive hospital. Everything is for the safety of patients, and Dr. Xiao Fu has brought the concept of our department to the extreme. This is our work style, and we praise such doctors.