标签： 上海龙凤419

Israel will provide about $155 million in loans to Palestine.

　　Israeli Defense Minister Ganz said on August 30th that Israel will provide 500 million new shekels (about 155 million US dollars) in loans to Palestine.

　　On the 30th, Ganz revealed to the Israeli media that during his talks with Palestinian President Yasser Abbas on the 29th, he promised that Israel would take a series of "goodwill gestures", including providing loans to the Palestinians and approving 16,000 Palestinians to work in Israel.

　　Ganz said that the purpose of his talks with Abbas was to build mutual trust in the absence of a peace agreement between the two sides.

　　According to a statement issued by the Israeli Defense Minister’s Office in the early hours of the 30th, Ganz and Abbas held two rounds of talks in Ramallah, during which the two sides discussed the "security, social and economic situation" in the West Bank and the Gaza. The statement quoted Ganz as saying that "Israel is prepared to take a series of measures to promote the Palestinian economy".

　　In July this year, the Israeli security cabinet decided to freeze the transfer of 597 million new shekels (about 183 million US dollars) to Palestine to collect taxes. This "punishment" measure used by Israel has caused the Palestinian side to fall into financial difficulties.　　

　　After Abbas met with Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu in the United States in 2010, the leaders of the two sides never met directly again. In 2014, the peace talks between Israel and the Palestinian National Authority broke down and have not resumed.

Geely Xingrui subverts the domestic A-class sedan and adds a new time-space version to the craze.

Stephen Chow said in the movie: If you don’t have a dream, you are different from salted fish. One of the most meaningful things in life is to fight for your dreams. The road to realizing dreams is difficult, and it needs constant subversion to shape a better self, so do ordinary people and dazzling stars. Andrew, who became an instant hit in the movie goodbye mr. loser, made his way to fame by constantly subverting himself.

Geely Xingrui subverts the domestic A-class sedan and the new time-space version of the boom-Figure 1

Andrew’s original major was music, but because of his love for Leslie Cheung in his youth, he always had an actor dream in his heart. From musicals to dramas to TV plays, Andrew has entered the entertainment circle through constant subversion, and Yuan Hua, whose tragic and funny characters coexist in goodbye mr. loser, is another subversion of his role.

Geely Xingrui subverts the domestic A-class sedan and the new time-space version of the boom-Figure 1

Subvert the traditional family car design with fashion movement.

"Subversion" has occurred continuously in the 60 years since the birth of independent brands. With the change of the main consumer groups in the automobile market, the pursuit of fashion and sports is another subversion, such as the space-time version just launched by Geely Xingrui. It is the coincidence of the concept of "subversion" that Geely chose Andrew as the image spokesperson of Xingrui.

Geely Xingrui subverts the domestic A-class sedan and the new time-space version of the boom-Figure 3

In the price of 150,000 yuan, Xingrui originally showed a high-end posture, but the space-time version skillfully transformed Xingrui into a fashionable and sporty family car with elements such as dark exterior decoration, four-way exhaust and Alcantara material.

Geely Xingrui subverts the domestic A-class sedan and the new time-space version of the boom-Figure 4

The appearance of Xingrui Space-Time is blackened. The original chrome-plated decorative strips in the air intake grille, front/side enclosure, window and tail are all replaced by bright black decorative strips, and blackened LED headlights, black rearview mirrors and black tail wings are added, showing the fashionable atmosphere that young people love. At the same time, the 18-inch star-shaped hub and red brake calipers, as well as the four-way exhaust with a strong sense of shock, make its appearance show an extraordinary sporty atmosphere.

Geely Xingrui subverts the domestic A-class sedan and the new time-space version of the boom-Figure 5

Alcantara suede is a common material for performance cars and racing cars. The interior of Xingrui Space-Time Edition also incorporates a lot of Italian Alcantara suede material. The inner side of the door, the center console and the star pilot shift lever are all covered with Alcantara, and the seats are also covered with Alcantara material to increase the friction required for intense handling. In addition, the cockpit uses a large number of aurora green stitching with strong youthful elements, while the center console presents a fashionable atmosphere with Xinghe laser carving 3D decorative board.

Geely Xingrui subverts the domestic A-class sedan and the new time-space version of the boom-Figure 6

The fashionable and sporty design inside and outside of Xingrui Space-Time Edition is just right, and it maintains a very high texture. In particular, the newly added exclusive sky gray car paint has a high degree of recognition among a number of family cars.

In addition to subverting tonality with a more sporty design, Xingrui Space-Time Edition redefines the China sedan. For the imagination of family cars, I believe many consumers have the same idea with me — — Can start with a top-notch family sedan with 100,000-150,000 yuan. In fact, this is also Geely’s dream, so Xingrui was born of subversion. It broke through the shackles that A-class cars were equal to "configuration/workmanship collapsed and power would be enough" and led A-class family cars to a new step.

Say no to "grocery cart power"! High performance power down

How to define a car as a good car? The "three big pieces" are fundamental, and the powertrain and platform structure used in Xingrui Space-Time Edition are enough to convince people.

Geely Xingrui subverts the domestic A-class sedan and the new time-space version of the boom-Figure 7

Nowadays, 150,000-class cars mostly use small-displacement turbocharged engines or naturally aspirated engines. Since the entry model of 113,700 yuan, Xingrui has come standard with 2.0TD luxury power and output 190 horsepower. With a 7-speed wet dual-clutch gearbox with a transmission efficiency of 97% and a shift speed of 0.2 seconds, it can achieve the ultimate performance of 7-second zero-acceleration. This kind of motivation can not only satisfy daily travel and long-distance travel, but also stimulate adrenaline.

Geely Xingrui subverts the domestic A-class sedan and the new time-space version of the boom-Figure 8

On the other hand, the Geely Xingrui Space-Time Edition is still built on the CMA super matrix architecture, which has higher technical "gold content", especially in terms of safety, and has a frame body that is higher than the collision standards in China and Europe. Because it comes from the luxurious European architecture, the front McPherson and rear multi-link suspensions of Xingrui also show absolute advanced texture and driving control characteristics, which is different from a number of moderate grocery carts.

Without spending more money, ordinary consumers can also have high-quality and leading family cars.

The grade difference is very obvious in the category of automobiles. Generally speaking, 100,000-150,000 yuan can only buy a dish with acceptable space and quality. With the improvement of people’s living standards and the post-90s generation with better education becoming the main force in the market, the quality and leading requirements of automobiles as products have been amplified and even become necessary. Under this trend of consumer demand, Geely has brought Xingrui with leapfrog workmanship, configuration and technology.

Geely Xingrui subverts the domestic A-class sedan and the new time-space version of the boom-Figure 9

Xingrui has extremely high internal and external values, especially comparable to joint venture luxury cars in sheet metal work. Its interior is made of a variety of soft and leather materials, and equipped with G-clean intelligent ecological health circle (AQS intelligent air quality management system, CN95 high-efficiency composite filter and negative ion purifier) to protect the respiratory health of drivers and passengers. At the same time, the vehicle adopts a cage-type body with high-strength steel ratio of over 70.2%, provides six airbags, and has been equipped with L2 safety assistance system (14 most advanced active safety functions of ADAS) since the model of 132,700 yuan, thus creating a new standard for the health of family cars.

Geely Xingrui subverts the domestic A-class sedan and the new time-space version of the boom-Figure 10

Xingrui has a strong scientific and technological attribute. In addition to relying on GKUI’s intelligent ecosystem and advanced intelligent assisted driving functions, it also relies on CMA’s leading electronic and electrical architecture to realize the OTA of the whole vehicle. Through software upgrade and firmware update, it has continuously upgraded and added functions to entertainment system, engine, chassis suspension and body control, so that traditional fuel vehicles also have the same scientific and technological advantages as pure trams, and reconstructed the new standards of sedan intelligence.

summary

Geely Xingrui is the subversive of China’s sedan chair, which is worthy of the name. It subverts the definition of traditional family car in essence with its powerful and comprehensive product strength, and improves the quality of consumers’ travel qualitatively. This time, it adds new "black exterior decoration, suspended energy cockpit and exclusive color sky gray car paint", which gives consumers more choices. Refusing to stick to the rules is believed to be the personality expression of many warm-blooded gentlemen, and Geely Xingrui is the most suitable car for them.

EE Architecture ｜ Central Computing+Regional Control Architecture Information of Domestic Mainstream OEMs

The development of intelligent cockpit, intelligent driving and intelligent network will promote the continuous increase of new functions. At the same time, the demand for high computing power and large bandwidth data transmission will become more and more urgent, coupled with the concept of "software-defined car", which will jointly promote the upgrading and transformation of the whole vehicle EE architecture; At present, various car companies have gradually started to move from the distributed architecture with independent functions to the domain control architecture with integrated functions, and will eventually move to the centralized architecture with central computing and regional control.

One,Tesla’s "quasi-centralized architecture" leads the trend.

1. Distributed architecture VS centralized architecture

1) Under the distributed architecture, software and hardware are closely coupled, and OEM is more dependent on suppliers. In the process of cooperation, only one technical standard (such as communication information -XX signal, communication form -CAN/LIN, etc.) is provided to Tier1, and each system is provided by different suppliers, resulting in OEM’s vehicle software becoming a mixture of many independent and incompatible software systems. If the OEM wants to change or add new functions, it needs to talk with different suppliers, so it is obviously constrained by suppliers.

Secondly, with more and more ECU, the wiring harness in the car will become longer and longer, which not only increases the weight and cost of the car, but also brings great trouble to the layout and assembly of the car. Moreover, the computing power of each ECU can not be coordinated, resulting in a great waste of computing power.

2) Under the central computing+regional architecture, the computing power is gradually concentrated in the center. First, multiple ecus are merged into a domain controller, and then the domain controllers will continue to merge, eventually forming the ultimate layout of a central computing platform +N regional controllers. At this time, the number of ECU will be greatly reduced, which not only reduces the application cost of ECU and the wiring cost between controllers, but also contributes to the lightweight design of the whole vehicle.

Secondly, the sensors and actuators are connected to the nearby regional controllers, which can better realize the expansion of hardware. At the same time, the structure of the regional controller is easier to manage, and it is easy to realize the automatic assembly of the wiring harness.

2. What is Tesla’s "quasi-centralized architecture"?

In 2019, Tesla has realized the EE architecture scheme of central computing+regional controller on Model3, leading the trend. So what are the advantages of Tesla’s architecture?

The vehicle electronic and electrical architecture of Tesla Model3 is divided into four parts: CCM (Central Computing Module), BCM FH (Front Body Control Module), BCM LH (Left Body Control Module) and BCM RH (Right Body Control Module). CCM (Central Computing Module) consists of three modules: infotainment system (IVI), driver assistance system (ADAS) and communication system inside and outside the vehicle.

1）Front body control module:Responsible for the power distribution of the whole vehicle and the logical control and drive of the electrical appliances in the front compartment of the vehicle;

2）Left Body Control Module:Responsible for the power distribution, logical control and drive of the left-hand electrical appliances, including the convenience control of the left body and chassis control such as steering and braking;

3) Right body control module:Responsible for the power distribution of right-hand electrical appliances, the logical control and drive of right-hand and back electrical appliances, including the convenience control of right body, power system, air conditioning, etc.

Advantages of Tesla EE architecture:

1) The hardware part of the intelligent driving module adopts a self-developed FSD chip; For the software part, the operating system is customized based on open source Linux, and the middleware is developed by itself. The software and hardware are self-controllable, which not only helps to speed up the iterative update of vehicle functions, but also greatly reduces the development cost of the whole vehicle.

2) On the software architecture level, SOA architecture is adopted to facilitate the deployment of SOTA and the collection and analysis of cloud data.

There is no doubt that Tesla’s electronic and electrical architecture is advanced. Its central computing module -CCM integrates intelligent driving module, audio-visual entertainment module and in-vehicle networking module, and shares a liquid cooling system. Basically, the prototype of centralized architecture is realized, but it is not a centralized architecture in the strict sense. The industry calls this type "quasi-centralized architecture".

Therefore, even Tesla is still a long way from a truly centralized architecture. Considering the technical maturity and cost at that time:

1) The communication architecture is still relatively traditional, mainly based on CAN bus, and the control is still distributed on MCU, and the basic software of MCU adopts FreeRTOS.

2) The central computing module CCM is separated: only the MCU of audio-visual entertainment, the FSD of intelligent driving and the networking module inside and outside the vehicle are formally integrated on one board, but each module still runs its own operating system independently and completes its own tasks independently.

Even so, Tesla is still a practitioner of the most advanced concept of central computing+regional control architecture, which has triggered the learning and catching up of other peers in the industry.

Second, the "chaser" of the domestic Tesla EE architecture

In the era of intelligent and software-defined cars, whoever can master the dominance of EE architecture and software will occupy the commanding heights of the smart car market. Therefore, domestic mainstream vehicle companies are also actively carrying out relevant layout, and the mass production models of "quasi-centralized" architecture scheme will be launched around 2022-2023.

edit

However, the centralized architecture of OEM planning is not too unified in form. For example, the vehicle computing platform of SAIC Zero Beam adopts two HPC high-performance computing units; The scheme of GAC or Great Wall adopts three major computing platforms: central computing platform, intelligent driving domain and intelligent cockpit domain. But generally speaking, the R&D design concept is similar: the hardware adopts the architecture scheme of central computing+regional control, and the software adopts the design concept of SOA software architecture.

1. SAIC Zero Beam-Galaxy Full Stack 3.0 Scheme

Hardware platform:It consists of two HPC high-performance computing units, HPC1 and HPC2, and four ZONE controllers. Two high-performance computing units are used as the computing center of the whole vehicle to realize the functions of intelligent cockpit, intelligent driving and redundant backup of intelligent driving; Four area controllers are used to realize the related functions of different areas.

Galaxy Full Stack 3.0 Hardware Platform (Source: SAIC Zero Beam Presentation Materials)

Remarks:

1) In August, 2021, SAIC Zero Beam and Xinchi Technology reached a strategic cooperation, and based on the Zero Beam Galaxy Full Stack 3.0 architecture, they will jointly formulate the development roadmap of the chip and vehicle electronic and electrical architecture; At the same time, the two sides will jointly explore and jointly develop a narrow operating system suitable for full stack 3.0 around the chip-level underlying software operating system and virtualization platform technology;

2) In September, 2021, SAIC Zero Beam announced that it had jointly designed and developed the HPC based on "Zero Beam Galaxy Full Stack 3.0".

Software platform:Adopt SOA integrated software platform of cloud management.

1) The software platform is decoupled from the hardware chip and the operating system. Even if the chip types and operating systems of different EE architecture platforms are different, the software platform can still be translated and reused. For example, Zero Beam’s 1.0 architecture platform and 3.0 architecture platform still use the same software platform, although the underlying hardware and operating system are different.

2) In the application layer, through middleware and SOA atomic service layer, a unified and standard API interface can be provided upwards, which makes the application layer development easier and more reusable. At the same time, coupled with the software platform SDK, OEMs, suppliers, third-party developers and users can all join in the application development and realize the co-creation of application ecology.

Galaxy Full Stack 3.0 Software Platform (Source: SAIC Zero Beam Presentation Materials)

2. Gac ean-Spirit architecture

1）Hardware platform:Spirit architecture consists of digital mirror cloud, three core modules and four regional controllers (left/right/front/back). Among them,The three core computer modules include central computing unit, intelligent driving domain control module and cockpit domain control module; The central computing unit covers the new energy control module and the body control module, and is responsible for controlling the functions of vehicle running, braking and vehicle equipment.

  • The CPU is equipped with NXP S32G399 gateway computing chip, which is composed of 8 A cores and 4 M cores, and has built-in LLCE+PFE acceleration engine, and the communication delay is ≤ 20μ s.;
  • Cockpit control module is equipped with Qualcomm 8155/8295 chip, 7nm process, 105K DMIPS computing power, and supports 3D character image rendering, face recognition, AR-HUD and other functions.;
  • The intelligent driving domain control module is equipped with Huawei Shengteng 610 high-performance chip and 7nm process, which supports the expansion of computing power of 200~400TOPS. The image processing capacity of ISP can reach 2.4GPix/s, which can cope with complex road conditions such as high speed and cities.

Spirit Architecture Hardware Platform (Source: Guangzhou Automobile Ai ‘an Presentation Materials)

2) Software platform:SOA software architecture with layered design is adopted.

  • Basic intermediate layerAdopt atomic service encapsulation and standardized interface;
  • Dedicated intermediate layerAdopt enhanced combination service, which can be executed independently;
  • APP software layerIs an independent component decoupled from the bottom layer and can directly call the service.

The software architecture realizes service, atomization and standardization of components, decoupling of software and hardware, improving the ability and speed of OTA, and realizing plug and play of hardware-adding new application modules can realize new scenarios.

Spirit Architecture Software Platform (Source: Guangzhou Automobile Ai ‘an Presentation Materials)

3. Great Wall Motor-GEEP4.0 architecture

1) Hardware platform:GEEP4.0 architecture consists of central computing platform (CCU), intelligent cockpit module (HUT), intelligent driving module (ICU), and three regional controllers (VIU_L, VIU_R and VIU_F).

Central computing unit CCUThe main responsibility of CCU is to deal with the functions of auxiliary autopilot, power, chassis, car body, air conditioning, car body status and mode management in a centralized way. Under the high-order autopilot configuration, CCU can be used as a backup of L3 domain controller to achieve the lowest risk conditions.

3 regional controllers:Is a standardized control unit.,Divide, deploy and develop according to the body domain, and arrange them on the left, right and front respectively, which is responsible for integrating some MCU around, that is, integrating ECU, power supply, controller and input/output. At present, most of the software algorithms of the three VIUs have been moved to CCU and developed by Great Wall Software Team. VIU only keeps a small part of logic, and it is more responsible for driving I/O.

GEEP4.0 hardware platform (Source: Great Wall Motor Technology Sharing Salon)

2) Software platform

  • On the application software level, integrate big data, cloud diagnosis, information security and other software systems to achieve functional integration;
  • Deploy different domain software in different cores-MCU core adopts CP Autosar, and deploy different domain electronic control software in multiple MCU cores respectively; The HPC core adopts Linux OS and AP Autosar middleware;
  • By deploying software in different domains in different cores, the integration between multiple domains is opened horizontally, and the communication between the underlying hardware, operating system (CP autosar, Linux OS), middleware (AP autosar), protocol stack and application software is opened vertically.
  • Support FOTA, planning some comfort functions will support SOA.

GEEP4.0 software platform (Source: Great Wall Motor Technology Sharing Salon)

4. Tucki X-EEA3.0

In November 2021, Xpeng Motors released the Tucki G9 at the Guangzhou Auto Show, which is scheduled to be listed in 2022; The car adopts Tucki’s brand-new X-EEA 3.0 architecture. At present, the official customs of Tucki has not revealed too many specific technical details. The author has compiled the following information for your reference:

  • Hardware architecture:Central supercomputing+regional control;
  • The software platform architecture is divided into three layers.System software platform, basic software platform and intelligent application platform;
  • Communication architecture:Adopt gigabit Ethernet communication;
  • Data schema:Realize non-inductive OTA- The domain controllers all control the memory in partition isolation, one area is used for upgrading and the other area is used for normal operation of vehicles; Therefore, even when the vehicle is driving normally, OTA upgrade of new functions can still be carried out at the same time;
  • Power architecture:The power supply of electrical equipment is controllable, and intelligent and accurate power distribution is carried out according to user scenarios, which reduces unnecessary power waste and optimizes the use of electricity.

Third, the impact of the upgrade of EE architecture

1. Reshaping the supply chain system

Under the traditional distributed architecture, the software is highly coupled with ECU. OEM has a strong dependence on Tier1, which is dominant, and the software and hardware are directly supplied to OEM by packaging. The industrial chain is relatively simple, with software product suppliers/chip suppliers (Tier2) in the upstream, component integrators (Tier1) in the midstream, and vehicle integration plants (OEMs) in the downstream.

With the upgrading and transformation of electronic and electrical architecture, the hardware is gradually standardized, the software is separated from the hardware, and the software and hardware are decoupled, making it a reality to define the automobile by software. Therefore, OEM’s ability to master software-defined cars has become more intense, and they hope to gradually regain the long-awaited "dominance" from Tier1.

To this end, enterprising OEMs began to set up software teams to improve their software research and development capabilities, but there is still a long way to go. In this context, some people have seen the strong demand of car companies for the "self-developed and controllable" cooperation mode, so a new species-Tier 1.5 has emerged, which can support the customization of OEM products upwards and integrate and integrate Tier2 resources downwards, in order to get a share of this "dominance" battle.

At the same time, in order to maintain its dominant position, the traditional Tier1 has also started to vertically integrate and build the R&D capability of the whole stack of software and hardware, transforming from a component supplier to a system solution provider, that is, upgrading from Tier1 to Tier0.5-it can not only provide OEM with software and hardware integrated products, but also provide full-process services from pre-technical research and development to post-data sharing, hoping to maintain a "close" relationship with OEM.

2. Changes in the industry competition pattern

At present, enterprises engaged in research and development of advanced EE architecture can be roughly divided into three categories: vehicle enterprises, Tier1 and technology companies. Vehicle companies have a strong motivation to master the core technology and component dominance of centralized EE architecture, because they have already seen the benefits that this dominance brings to Tesla. However, in the short term, there are still a few vehicle companies that can realize all the self-research of these technologies and components. Most vehicle manufacturers will still rely on Tier1, technology companies and other suppliers to complete it together.

The development project of the vehicle electronic and electrical architecture is complex and the technical link is long. Only the players in the industrial chain can cooperate with each other in each link, give full play to their respective advantages, and form a joint force to achieve the effect that 1+1 is greater than 2. Only in this way can we help the whole vehicle enterprises to complete the upgrading of the architecture more quickly.

For OEM, we will choose the cooperation mode that suits us according to our actual situation:

1) For head car companies with strong R&D capabilities, such as Tesla, they will choose self-research in key core areas such as chip, operating system, middleware and domain controller system integration, while outsourcing some hardware production.

Secondly, the automatic driving perception algorithm is relatively complicated. Even some head car companies will choose to jointly develop the perception algorithm with software companies with strong strength in the industry. In this process, most of them will also learn from teachers, gradually improve their perceptual algorithm ability, and finally move closer to the goal of self-research in the whole stack.

2) For car companies with relatively weak software research and development capabilities, it is necessary to distinguish what is common and what is individual. Considering its own research and development strength and cost pressure, the common part can only be strategically abandoned and handed over to the right supplier to help it complete the development; For the part of personality, you need to do your best to differentiate and create your own brand power. For example, a domain controller or a central computing platform needs Tier1 or a software company with full-stack R&D capability to help it gradually open in layers, and then do personalized and differentiated development at the application layer.

At present, the demand of the main engine factory is personalized and diversified, and most of them tend to ask suppliers for customized development according to their own needs. At the same time, OEM is also trying to improve its own software development ability; In the long run, for Tier1 and the technology companies that intend to do Tier1, it is a general trend that the development rights of some software functions of domain controllers or central computing platforms are "taken back" by OEMs. Therefore, Tier1 and technology companies are also striving to build full-stack technology research and development capabilities for software and hardware to avoid becoming "hardware foundries" for OEMs.

3. The new opportunities brought by the upward breakthrough of EE architecture

In the critical period when intelligent driving entered the second half of the competition, OEM began to upgrade its electronic and electrical architecture to cope with the development of automobile intelligence and networking. In this critical time window, whoever can help OEM to take the lead in realizing the rapid replacement and iterative upgrade of hardware modularity, as well as the portability and maximum reuse of software modules, will win the favor of the OEM and gain a foothold in the new market.

The so-called times make heroes, so which types are more likely to appear "heroes" on the "new outlet"? The author judges that there will be the following types:

1) Dali AI Chip Company-the electronic and electrical architecture is developing rapidly towards domain centralization and central domain control. For OEMs, the choice of high-performance Dali computing platform is a top priority. Therefore, the suppliers of large computing chips will usher in a growing market space. In particular, some chip companies that have recently grown up in China-open system solutions, ability to understand localized scenes, and good engineering supporting services are their current advantages.

2) Domain Controller Integrator-With the upgrading of the electronic and electrical architecture of the whole vehicle, the penetration rate of domain controllers has been promoted, and the emerging market of domain controllers will have great growth space in the future. Domain controller integrators with reliable product quality, which can also greatly save costs and shorten the development cycle for OEMs, will usher in an opportunity for development.

3) Supplier of basic software platform-For the OEM with weak software power, there is no need to re-develop the common part of the basic software platform, because it will not be perceived by consumers. Therefore, you can choose to give this part to the appropriate basic software platform supplier, which can not only reduce your development difficulty and cost, but also use your own manpower and financial resources for the key personalized development part; It is conducive to shortening the product development cycle and bringing it to market as soon as possible.

4. What are the challenges to realize the central computing+regional control architecture?

1. The bottom "chip" foundation determines the height of the upper "architecture"

High-order autonomous driving requires more and more computing power. Carrying chips with more advanced process and stronger performance has become the primary problem to be considered in architecture design, because the mass production time of the planned chips will affect the landing time of the architecture scheme.

When designing the central computing+regional architecture, the central computing platform needs to meet the needs and characteristics of all domains at the same time. Therefore, it needs more powerful chips and a combination of various operating systems. The biggest challenge is to select the available chips. However, at present, there are no mass-produced chips that can meet the requirements of several functional domains at the same time, so most OEMs still adopt the scheme of piecing together multiple chips:

1) Vehicle control system: Generally, MCU is adopted, which runs mature Classic AUTOSAR basic software, which requires high real-time performance and safety level, but its computing power and storage are limited.

2) Intelligent cockpit and intelligent driving field need high-performance and powerful SoC chips, and also need to run complex operating systems, supplemented by middleware.

Secondly, there are more and more players in the field of in-vehicle with high computing power and high performance chips, and the iteration speed of chips is getting faster and faster. If the whole technical architecture needs to be reconstructed every time the chips are replaced, it will seriously affect the development speed of new products. Therefore, the central computing platform needs to have good expansibility, not only a unified sensor and peripheral interface, but also good chip compatibility.

2. Software Capability and Software Team Building

Software capability At present, the mainstream functional domain architecture can be divided into five domains: body domain, chassis domain, power domain, intelligent cockpit domain and autopilot domain. In the process of developing to a centralized architecture, cross-domain integration is inevitable, such as integrating the body domain, chassis domain and power domain into a vehicle control domain, and the ultimate goal in the future is to integrate all functional domains into a central brain. In this development process, not only need to build a large number of software function service capabilities; At the same time, powerful software capabilities are needed to cope with the system collaboration among the underlying real-time operating system, AUTOSAR and other key software modules.

Another embodiment of software capability is that OTA, especially FOTA, requires OEM to have strong software development capability and be able to develop the control software of the underlying executive parts, so as to truly realize the function or performance of software-defined cars.

In 2018, the American Consumer Report magazine pointed out that Model3 had serious problems in emergency braking at high speed. When Model3 is driving at 60 mph, its braking distance is about 46.3 meters, which is higher than other models in the same class. To solve this problem, Model 3 upgrades the firmware by pushing it remotely. The end result is that the emergency braking distance of Model3 is shortened by about 6.1 meters through OTA.

The hardware of the Model 3 braking system is Bosch’s iBooster, but the electric control software at the bottom is developed by Tesla, so the characteristics of the brake pedal can be adjusted through OTA upgrade, that is, the braking force can be optimally distributed during the whole braking process by adjusting the braking response curve, thus shortening the braking distance.

Software team building- If OEM wants to realize the real software-defined car, that is, most functions and performances of the car are defined by itself, then its own research and development ability, especially the software research and development ability, will be a big test. Now powerful OEMs are setting up software R&D teams on a large scale, and software developers are obviously in short supply in the talent market. Even if you are willing to "seduce" with high salary and options, it is difficult to "set" the right talents. At the same time, the management and coordination of software teams are also complicated, which is where traditional OEMs need to carry out intensive learning again.

3. The problem of organizational system

Traditional OEM has a R&D team, a product system and a supply chain system that have been gradually built and improved for many years. However, there will be more things to consider and worry about when the whole vehicle EE architecture changes, such as the reusability of the original production line, the compatibility of the architecture with the huge product line, and the supply chain problems around the world.

A major feature of the centralized architecture is that the computing power is concentrated in the center. In this case, many ecus will definitely be cut off. If a large number of ECU’s are cut off in the car, it is a matter of life and death for employees who rely on these parts and related suppliers. If they can’t make internal and external adjustments, it will be difficult for the new architecture to be promoted and implemented quickly.

To some extent, the traditional OEM has become a "double-edged sword" by virtue of the advantages of supply chain and product system accumulated over the years, and it has begun to hinder them from carrying out architectural innovation. Therefore, it is impossible for them to "cut across the board" when carrying out the structural reform, completely demolish the previous scheme and switch to the new E/E architecture. They can only use the existing resources to make a gradual transition and evolution, and gradually improve their own software R&D capabilities and change their R&D organizational structure to adapt to the new R&D process.

The new forces that build cars have no concerns in this regard, and they can start from scratch. Although it doesn’t accumulate as many past resources as traditional OEM, and it doesn’t have the previous historical burden, it can make new attempts without scruple.

Therefore, from this point of view, the huge organizational system of traditional OEMs has really held them back.

References:

1. How did Neusoft Ruichi start the "future battle" in the second half of the decisive battle for intelligent driving?

https://mp.weixin.qq.com/s/2xl36RUBYqcIz3qEe3nlKw

2. Fully open the standard API interface. Great Wall Motor’s new electronic and electrical architecture creates an open service ecosystem.

https://mp.weixin.qq.com/s/jJvwOAx7wS3VSaDOjbDjeg

3. Analyze the electronic and electrical architecture of Xpeng Motors X-EEA 3.0 better than you think.

https://mp.weixin.qq.com/s/O1evq-Qx4WddEX-Tz4SYWA

4. After the popularity of functional domain architecture, regional architecture may be widely used in 2023-2025.

https://mp.weixin.qq.com/s/xvvG_cuhbGplBHN3taWOAg

5. What is the core of a software-defined car? Talk about the new generation Tesla electronic and electrical architecture

http://www.eeaconference.com/news/751649/

6. Talking about Tesla’s EEA

https://mp.weixin.qq.com/s/-cJUCXh8SviiGege8dXR7A

7. Vehicle architecture reform, domestic domain controller manufacturers welcome development opportunities (securities report)

https://new.qq.com/omn/20211102/20211102A030EP00.html

8. SAIC Zero Beam Zeng Jienan: Cloud-tube integrated central computing platform solution

https://new.qq.com/omn/20211102/20211102A030EP00.html

9. SAIC Zero Beam and Chuangshi jointly developed the Galaxy Full Stack 3.0 cabin driving integrated HPC.

https://mp.weixin.qq.com/s/nGjrX8iYhT-J1DN5loBy3A

10. Open a new era of "software-defined automobile", and analyze the new "Spirit architecture" of GAC’s safety.

https://mp.weixin.qq.com/s/7A-SBO3kp8bGoI-oW99qlg

11. Smart car architecture analysis

Dongfeng Yipai eπ 008 is officially launched, and the range extension and pure electric models are sold at the same price

On June 14, Dongfeng Yipai’s second blockbuster model, the family intelligent large SUV – eπ 008, was officially launched and delivered. The new car launched extended range and pure electric models, and the same price starts at 216,600 yuan.

In addition, the official also launched a limited-time preferential car purchase gift, before June 30 can enjoy the high value of 28,000 yuan expansion gift and first enjoy the gift of cash reduction and other car purchase rights, limited-time to hand car price 188,600 yuan.

According to the official introduction, as an important part of Dongfeng Motor’s "three-year action plan for transformation and upgrading", the eπ 008 is equipped with a number of key core technologies such as Dongfeng Quantum Architecture, Mach Power, and SOA Intelligent Cockpit.

Picture 1

At the product level, the e π 008 is positioned as a home smart large SUV, with a wide front face and digital drill front penetration lights. The rear of the car also adopts a penetration light group, which echoes the end and end. The side design is flowing, and the wind resistance coefficient can be achieved by 0.268. In addition, the new car also has a ritual design such as a hidden smart starlight grille and a D-pillar digital rhythm charging indicator light.

Entering the interior, the eπ 008 is a large SUV that can bring comfort to the whole family. It has a 5-meter length, a 3-meter wheelbase, and a real three-row six-seat layout. The front seats of the eπ 008 are equipped with electric adjustment and ventilation heating as standard, and the main driver’s seat is also equipped with position memory, electric waist support and other intimate functions.

Figure 2

The car has a 180mm ultra-wide rear aisle, allowing passengers to easily enter and exit two or three rows. The second row is a business class-style two-seat design, both of which support electric adjustment and ventilation heating. The right side provides zero-gravity seats, one-button lying flat, and 8-point massage and other comfortable experiences. In addition, the center of the second row is equipped with a dual-purpose electric sliding refrigerator, which supports voice and touch electric sliding.

In terms of smart cockpit, the new car is based on Dongfeng’s self-developed SOA smart cockpit, which can support one-click switching between nap mode, movie viewing mode, etc., and can also customize scene mode. The eπ 008 is equipped with a 15.6-inch smart rear entertainment screen, which can realize functions such as wireless screen projection and one-click fly screen.

In terms of intelligent driving, the Eπ 008 comes standard with 20 intelligent driver assistance functions, and also provides high-speed NOA pilot assistance, 400-meter over-the-horizon memory parking and other high-level intelligent driving functions.

In terms of power system, the new car provides both pure electric and range extension power. The efficiency of the Mach electric drive assembly is as high as 94.5%, the comprehensive energy consumption of the CLTC is as low as 14.7kwh/100km, and the battery life of the pure electric model CLTC reaches 636km. The range extension model is equipped with a new Dongfeng Mach super range extension system and a smart range extension digital twin platform, and adopts a 1.5T range extension special engine with a thermal efficiency of up to 45.18%.

Figure 4

It is worth noting that the application ratio of high-strength steel in the safety layer of the eπ 008 is as high as 70.8%, and the key crew compartment areas are all made of 1500MPa ultra-high-strength steel plates. In addition, the eπ 008 series is equipped with 6 airbags as standard, and the side air curtain spans three rows. The power battery is a Mach battery. The official introduction said, "not afraid of poking, not afraid of squeezing, not afraid of bubbles, not afraid of falling, not afraid of shaking, and using cloud BMS full life cycle health management, it can realize" OurHours domain "thermal runaway monitoring."

It is understood that, as the core of the "Dongfeng Fengqi" strategy, Dongfeng Yipai has completed the layout of nearly 300 outlets nationwide in the past seven months with the full support of Dongfeng Motor. According to the official introduction, Dongfeng Yipai will continue to explore more possibilities for connecting with users with more advanced technology, better products, more comprehensive services, and better market performance.

Jaguar XJ bulletproof car launched to withstand grenade attacks

　　If you are a wealthy businessperson, you may need a car to show your identity, but if you are a political figure or someone whose life is threatened at any moment, only the XJ Sentinel can meet your requirements, because in addition to being a status symbol, protecting the safety of the people in the car comes first.


Autohome


Autohome


　　You can simply understand the XJ Sentinel as a bulletproof version of the XJ. This model is actually not uncommon. There are such models, and it is still very rare for Jaguar to launch bulletproof models. With the help of Kevlar fiber, the XJ Sentinel’s safety has reached B7, which means that its car can withstand military-standard small arms and grenades and other weapons.


Autohome


　　Of course, the weight of such a sturdy car is also very considerable. It is reported that the weight of the XJ Sentinel has reached 3300kg, which is 1426kg more than the standard version of the XJL. The original 5.0-liter V8 engine has not changed, it is still 283kw and 515N.m, so it takes 9.7 seconds to accelerate such a heavy XJ Sentinel 100 kilometers, and the top speed is only 195km/h. (Text/Wang Tianyi)


　　Related reading:


　　Absolutely tight fit! Bulletproof version model released
　　http://www.autohome.com.cn/news/200904/59046.html

The poster of ＂Silver Empire＂ was released, and Guo Fucheng’s ancient costume was exposed


Silver Empire poster


At the 59th Berlin Film Festival, which opens on January 5, the Chinese female director Yao Shuhua will direct the Chinese-language blockbuster "Silver Empire", starring Guo Fucheng, Zhang Tielin and Hao Lei, for the first time in the world. On the 1st, the film released the first poster of "Silver Empire" to be displayed in Berlin. The freehand ink painting style makes the film about the legend of Shanxi merchants look a bit like a martial arts film. It is reported that overseas distribution companies have taken a fancy to this "illusion", hoping that the poster will remind Western audiences of "Crouching Tiger, Hidden Dragon".



Latest poster



　　According to Yao Shuhua, the director of "Silver Empire," the first poster was made specifically for the Berlin Film Festival and overseas distribution. The image of Guo Fucheng sitting cross-legged and overlooking the distance is the first scene shot in the Taihang Mountains when the film starts. This scene is also Guo Tianwang’s favorite stills. The post-processed first poster is complemented by the ethereal artistic conception of ink and wash and a red mark, thus creating an impressive "Chinese style" effect.

　　Although no flowers have been announced, "Silver Empire", which shows the rise and fall of a generation of Jin businesspeople "Tiancheng" family, has become one of the hot films at the Berlin Film Festival. The head of the British company Hanway, which is responsible for the film’s overseas sales, said that due to the fact that many international studios have expressed interest in buying "Silver Empire", two internal screenings will be held for them before the official premiere of the film. At the same time, the overseas PR company of the film is rushing to produce 100 posters and 4,000 film brochures for promotion during the festival.

Deng Chao’s acting in ＂Shadow＂ exploded？ Brother Chao, or an actor is suitable for you!


1905 movie network feature　A film directed by Zhang Yimou and starring Deng ChaoThe ultimate trailer for today’s exposure,Deng Chao, the protagonist in the preview, was obviously outstanding, not only showing Jingzhou’s bravery and integrity, but also showing Zi Yu’s viciousness and greed very meticulously. Although one person played two roles, he had a very delicate grasp of different states and different emotions.

　

In order to better present the differences between the two characters in "Shadow", Deng Chao used time3Months from72KgGain weight to83KgAnd complete the shaping, play the role of "Jingzhou", and then it took 2 months from83KgLose weight to63KgInterpreting the character "Ziyu", he showed extraordinary perseverance! During the weight loss process, he was once distressed, and his wife Sun Li even sent a Weibo saying: Deng Chao lost weight too fast, and even needed to be supported to walk.


Looking back, it turns out that Deng Chao not only performed very hard in this work, but also contributed excellent movies and TV series every year since he starred in film and television works, and never stopped. We can even remember one of Deng Chao’s plays every year. For example, he starred in the roles of four emperors in succession in "Young Son of Heaven" and "Young Kangxi", which made the suffering of the Shunzhi Emperor and the intelligent performance of Emperor Kangxi superb.

There is also the cynical playboy played in "Happiness is Like a Flower", who has successfully transitioned through this drama.

The rich Xuan Shao in the movie "Mermaid" and the racing driver A Lang in "Riding the Wind and Waves" are all deeply rooted in the hearts of the people.

But he is not willing to be only an actor, but also try to be a director. Deng Chao posted pictures on Weibo not long ago, saying that he is directing the latest work – "Galaxy Tutoring School" in cooperation with Yu Baimei, but obviously the audience did not buy it. InBefore any stills and trailers appeared in the movie, netizens had already expressed their opinions: Brother Chao, don’t do this, please let it go, why did you come to be a demon again, such an evaluation.

　

But it’s not without reason that fans think so, after all, the two previous films directed by Douban did not achieve passing grades.


From 2014, Deng Chao began to contact the director and directed his first work –"The Breakup Master"It’s a story about a breakup master who specializes in providing services to those who can’t solve their breakup problems and help solve their troubles. It sounds interesting, but who knows how the movie is. It perfectly explains what it means to pretend to be crazy and act stupid.

　


After watching the movie, fans and friends felt that they were hit hard. The whole movie was very narcissistic, or it wasn’t called a movie at all, just an unqualified farce, etc., and they received a flood of bad reviews.

　

Apparently, the 5.0 rating of the first work did not discourage him. In 2015, he directed the second film –"Villain Angel."Douban score4.0It is still the same style, known as a comedy, but the whole process is also a spoof-based movie, which can be regarded as a finale for the 2015 bad movie.

　

　

Bad reviews came again, and some netizens said: The IQ of the whole film is the most normal, and the one who saw it most clearly was the parrot, which thought "I can’t listen to it anymore". It’s even difficult for Xiao Dianjun to find praise from the comments, after all, this film has no central point.

　

The director of two comedies in a row has not received praise. Brother Chao has not directed any more works, but after three years, he still can’t stop him from wanting to be a good director. Recently, he announced a new work directed by his partner Yu Baimei –"Galaxy Tutoring School"…

　

　

Obviously, this time Deng Chao will not provide comedy to the public, but a father and son story. It is about: the vast space, the astronaut accidentally lost contact, the greatest desperate situation in life, he recalled his most amazing father. A father and son through a long time of love and affection, full of joy, wonders, full of warmth and tears story. Compared with the previous movie, the changes are still great, let’s wait and see how!

　

Whether it is an actor or a director, it is good for Deng Chao to constantly break through his heart, and look forward to the work!


Group buying in online community： a new way of shopping

The picture comes from the Internet.

　　"A box of fresh free range eggs 55 yuan, a piece of Pizza Hut steak 23 yuan, and a bag of pasta 17 yuan." On October 26, as soon as the group announcement of "Head of Mission" was released, the residents in the WeChat group responded quickly. In just a few minutes, the buyers had already picked up the long queue.
　　Simple purchase, timely delivery, time-saving and labor-saving … As a new online shopping mode, online community group purchase is mainly carried out through the way that community residents buy online orders and then deliver them to the community in a unified way, which can not only help reduce logistics costs, but also help consumers avoid "difficulty in choosing" and effectively improve shopping efficiency.

Socialization and group buying win-win situation

　　"The group dish group in our community was established last year by the elder sister who opened the laundry in the community. At that time, many people in the community organized dishes at his place. The group purchase price was cheap and the dishes were very fresh." Ms. Zhao, a citizen of Taiyuan, said that at first group buying was for convenience, and now it has gradually become a habit.
　　In fact, the emergence of online community group buying has already changed people’s traditional consumption concept. The "team leader" posted a message in the group, and the user placed an order in advance as needed, and it could be delivered for delivery the next day. Through group buying, community residents can get goods at lower prices, and at the same time avoid the time and energy needed to go shopping in supermarkets.
　　"Neighbors in the community often bask in the fresh dishes bought by the group. Everyone exchanges and interacts together, which not only brings the neighborhood closer, but also allows everyone to have a more intuitive understanding of the items bought by the group, because everyone is familiar with each other, which is different from the kind that is praised by online stores, and can help everyone avoid the pit more effectively." Ms. Zhao said that with the accelerated pace of life, like most young people, they are increasingly choosing online shopping, especially for food and daily necessities, and more consideration is given to price and delivery time.
　　Obviously, social communication is an important driving force of community group buying, which can effectively expand the influence of group buying and attract more users to participate. But at the same time, social communication also faces some challenges, such as information overload, user loss, trust problems and so on.

Supervision and self-discipline go hand in hand.

　　With the growing prosperity of the online community group buying market, large-scale e-commerce platforms and various new players are accelerating their entry, making the community group buying market more dispersed and diversified. For the residents of the community, some of the "heads" are familiar neighbors, but more are strangers.
　　"Sometimes other people in the group don’t know what link to send, and it’s either a group buying applet or a stranger’s online shop." Ms. Zhao said that she chose to be trustworthy when buying a group. Instead of shopping in an unknown small program, she might as well place an order on big platforms such as JD.COM and Taobao.
　　In fact, there are not a few people who step on the pit in online community group buying. A series of problems, such as false propaganda, substandard goods and shoddy goods, have also caused many consumers a headache. A few days ago, a case involving "community group buying" announced by the General Administration of Market Supervision said that in March this year, because the operator of a food store falsely exaggerated the function of disease prevention and treatment for ordinary food, it induced consumers to buy it, and was finally made by the local market supervision department. Administrative punishment was imposed and the final fine was 125,000 yuan.
　　Is the group purchase activity reported? Where does the supply come from? Is delivery and refund guaranteed? ….. Faced with these problems, Shanxi Provincial Market Supervision Bureau issued "Guiding Opinions on Standardizing Group Buying Operation Behavior in Online Communities" (hereinafter referred to as "Opinions"), aiming at the group buying operation behavior in online communities, promoting the supervision mode of fair competition in online markets, realizing the whole chain, all fields and normalization supervision before and after the event, and promoting the healthy and sustainable development of group buying standardization in online communities.
　　In terms of the prohibition of group buying in online communities, the Opinions clearly pointed out that unfair price behaviors such as low-price dumping, price collusion, price gouging and price fraud should not be implemented, and monopolistic behaviors should not be illegally implemented through monopoly agreements, abuse of market dominance, and illegal concentration of operators; Do not engage in acts of unfair competition such as commercial confusion, commercial slander, and speculation, which will endanger the market environment of fair competition; Do not deceive or mislead consumers in a false or misleading way.
　　Lawyer Liang Yi of Shanxi Shuoming Law Firm reminds consumers that the formal platform is guaranteed in terms of goods quality, distribution and after-sales, and priority should be given to the community group purchase package organized by the formal network platform. Once the "head" is lost, goods are delayed for a long time, product quality problems, etc., relevant evidence materials will be provided to public security organs, market supervision and other departments in time to protect their legitimate rights and interests to the greatest extent. At the same time, it also warns merchants of group buying platforms that they must conscientiously abide by the E-commerce Law, the Measures for the Supervision and Administration of Online Transactions and other laws and regulations, and strengthen industry self-discipline, otherwise, they will face severe punishment.

Our reporter Wang Yang.

Related reading
Expand new channels of consumption

　　In recent years, new consumption channels, such as online shopping, live delivery and community group buying, have risen rapidly, bringing huge business opportunities to the retail industry. In the first 10 months of this year, the online retail sales of physical goods nationwide increased by 8.4% year-on-year, accounting for 26.7% of the total retail sales of social consumer goods. The rise of new consumption channels is of great significance to promoting the recovery and development of physical retail industry.
　　Online and offline exploration attempts have promoted the rise of new consumption channels. During the epidemic, more and more consumers gradually became familiar with and accepted consumption patterns such as instant retail and community group purchase. The new consumption channel provides consumers with a more convenient and personalized shopping experience, which not only reduces the shopping cost, but also meets diversified needs, and also urges online and offline businesses to move from competition to cooperation to achieve a win-win situation online and offline.
　　On the one hand, new consumption channels have expanded the boundaries of the retail market. The traditional retail market is limited by geographical location and time, but the new consumption channels have broken these restrictions, allowing consumers to shop anytime and anywhere. This makes the retail market cover a wider range of consumer groups and provide more sales opportunities. Take instant retailing as an example. Consumers place orders on the online trading platform, and offline physical retailers take orders. From picking, packaging and delivery to door-to-door, it is basically completed within one hour, thus achieving the goal of "relying on local retail supply to meet local instant demand".
　　On the other hand, new consumption channels have promoted the digital transformation of retail industry. In order to adapt to the development of new consumption channels, retailers have increased their investment in digital technology and promoted the digital transformation of the industry. Digital transformation not only improves the operational efficiency of retailers, but also provides consumers with a more convenient and intelligent shopping experience. With the help of online platform, entities can expand their sales channels, and at the same time, the sales data precipitated by online platform can help entities to operate more finely.
　　We should also see that the rise of new consumption channels has also brought challenges to the retail industry. Not only is the competition increasingly fierce, but it also puts forward higher requirements for retailers’ data capabilities and supply chain management capabilities. In this regard, the retail industry should actively respond, seize new opportunities and meet challenges.
　　Strengthen the research on new consumption channels, deeply understand consumers’ needs and shopping habits, and provide strong support for the development of new consumption channels. Facing the omni-channel competition brought by "embracing online", entity enterprises should use online to develop business, maintain and expand new consumer groups, reduce the cost of commodity distribution, and realize online and offline two-way drainage.
　　Increase investment in digital technology and promote the in-depth development of digital transformation. Through digital technology to improve operational efficiency, optimize shopping experience, and provide consumers with more convenient and intelligent services. Online enterprises are not simply "1+1" with physical enterprises. They should use big data intelligent recommendation to achieve accurate matching between supply and demand, and constantly strengthen the capabilities of enterprise traffic support, marketing and digital systems to meet the diversified needs of consumers.
　　Strengthen supply chain management and improve the flexibility and response speed of supply chain. Strengthen cooperation with suppliers to ensure product supply and inventory balance.
　　New consumption channels have also played an important role in consumption expansion, industry innovation and social employment. Retail industry should seize new opportunities, continuously expand and make good use of new consumption channels by strengthening research, increasing investment and strengthening cooperation, so as to promote the consumer market to better meet consumers’ needs with richer and more more innovative business models and consumer goods, and stimulate new consumption.

Feng Qiyu

Crisis： After Detroit, are there cities in the United States going bankrupt？

　　　　　　　 Flint, USA, suffered from public service crisis one after another and was in depression.

　　　　　　　 On August 1st, Flint, Michigan, USA, announced the suspension of garbage collection services in the whole city because the new contract of service providers has not been finalized, which caused the city to fall into a new crisis after the water crisis. Although on the second day, the city urgently reached a temporary agreement with the original service provider Republican Service Company, the economic and financial difficulties faced by Flint once again attracted attention.

　　　　　　　 Flint, who didn’t collect garbage, suffered from "shutdown" of public services.

　　　　　　　 In June this year, the mayor of Flint, Weaver, proposed to replace the new garbage disposal service provider in the city for financial reasons, but this move was rejected by the city Council. Later, Weaver vetoed the decision of the city Council, and the city government and the parliament turned into a "tug-of-war". Finally, the two sides went to court.

　　　　　　　 However, before the court ruled, the contract between the city and the current garbage disposal service company expired at the end of July, so the garbage collection service stopped on August 1. Flint residents can only "store their garbage at home". This triggered the anger of the people in Flint.

　　　　　　　 Although the city urgently agreed with the current garbage disposal service company, it will continue to provide garbage collection services during the transition period. However, there will still be delays in the recent garbage disposal.

　　　　　　　 Flint: The birthplace of General Motors used to be the "Automobile City"　

　　　　　　　 Flint, Michigan, the birthplace of American automobile giant General Motors, is called "Motor City" together with Detroit. But in the 1980s, the automobile industry began to withdraw from Flint, and the city also declined rapidly.

　　　　　　　 At present, the unemployment rate in Flint is 13.9%, which is twice the average level in the United States, and the per capita income is less than $15,000, which is only half the average level in the United States. More than 40% of the city’s population lives below the poverty line, and the crime rate remains high, ranking "the most dangerous city in the United States".

　　　　　　　 In 2014, in order to save the government’s public expenditure, the Flint municipal government decided to abandon the Detroit water supply system and take water from the local flint river, which eventually led to the serious lead content in tap water consumed by 100,000 local residents.

　　　　　　　 Economic and financial difficulties, many cities in the United States are facing a crisis of decline

　　　　　　　 In fact, Flint is not a case. There is a well-known "rust zone" in the United States. The "rust zone" refers to the area where industry once flourished and now it has declined. In the United States, the Great Lakes region belongs to such a "rust zone", and Flint is located here.

　　　　　　　 The "rust zone" in the United States used to be the gathering place of old industrial areas, but now, many cities are facing the difficulties of old infrastructure and economic and public services. When talking about this topic, I have to mention Detroit, the "city of bankruptcy".

　　　　　　　 Detroit: the scenery is infinite to bankruptcy protection

　　　　　　　 As the three major automobile companies in the United States — — Detroit, the home base of GM, Ford and Chrysler, became synonymous with American cars as early as 100 years ago. However, due to the single industrial structure, with the decline of the American automobile industry and the migration of production bases, Detroit went into decline.

△ Detroit (data map, from the network)

　　　　　　　 In July 2013, Detroit filed for bankruptcy protection because of its debt exceeding 18 billion US dollars, becoming the largest city in the United States to file for bankruptcy protection.

　　　　　　　 In 2014, the total population of the city has dropped to 700,000, and as many as 40% of the houses in the city have been abandoned. At the same time, the unemployment rate and crime rate have soared, and education and public service facilities have declined. Some people joked that an Apple mobile phone can buy a suite in Detroit.

　　　　　　　 Cleveland: manufacturing base to the most miserable city

　　　　　　　 Cleveland, Ohio, used to be the transportation center and steel manufacturing base of the United States. In the 1950s, it had a population of more than 900,000, but after that, the manufacturing industry encountered bottlenecks and the city gradually declined.

　　　　　　　 At present, Cleveland has a population of less than 400,000, of which African Americans account for 44%; The crime rate here is very high, with more than 100 murders every year. In 2010, Forbes magazine published the list of the "most miserable cities" in the United States, and Cleveland ranked first.

　　　　　　　 Chicago: The next Detroit?

　　　　　　　 Chicago, a third-party big city in the United States, started from the steel industry and manufacturing industry. However, in the 1970s, the steel industry was depressed and manufacturing enterprises moved out, and Chicago constantly encountered challenges. In recent years, Chicago is facing the pressure that the government cannot make ends meet and the huge deficit is difficult to resolve.

　　　　　　　 Statistics show that in 2015, Chicago’s budget deficit reached 1 billion US dollars, about 6 billion yuan. In order to control government spending, Chicago even raised the charges for 911 calls. Many people say that if Chicago can’t solve the financial crisis, it is likely to be dragged down by huge debts and become the second Detroit.

China people taste the Lantern Festival tradition from glutinous rice balls.

　　　　Xinhuanet Taiyuan, February 21 ST (Reporter Liu Xiangyu) "Sweet-scented osmanthus is wrapped in walnuts, and the rice is like a pearl well. Seeing that Ma’s family is good at dripping powder, try to sell Yuanxiao in the wind. " A poem "Poems on Bamboo Branches in Shangyuan" written by China in Qing Dynasty presents a wonderful picture of making glutinous rice balls to the world.


　　　　Tangyuan is a round dessert made of glutinous rice flour. China is called Yuanxiao in the north and Tangyuan in the south, which are slightly different in size, making method and preservation time. In China people’s diet dictionary, eating glutinous rice balls means "family reunion" and "everything is perfect".


　　　　For this traditional food, many famous people in China have recorded it in poems. In the Song Dynasty, there was a poem in Jiang Baishi, saying, "The Lantern Festival competes to see the lotus-picking boat, and the BMW sedan picks up the cymbals. In the stormy night, people are exhausted, and the lonely lamp still calls for selling glutinous rice balls. "


　　　　Nowadays, this delicacy has been given more meanings. At the same time of family reunion and sharing dumplings, many people in China like to immerse themselves in the tradition and savor its infinite meaning.


　　　　China merchants have clearly captured this information sensitively, and paid more and more attention to highlighting the traditional flavor in the production, packaging and sales of glutinous rice balls. In addition to catering to the harmonious and auspicious values of Chinese people in the outer packaging, China merchants also pursue exquisiteness in the "connotation" of glutinous rice balls, such as full-grained black sesame seeds, crisp and mellow peanuts, chocolate, roses, red bean paste and sweet-scented osmanthus.


　　　　In order to keep the glutinous rice balls original and mellow, some merchants resumed using the traditional stone mill processing method, striving for perfection in grinding fineness, keeping the temperature just right when baking, and making every second count when freezing.


　　　　The small glutinous rice balls, inside and outside, have soaked up the traditional health care concept of China people. In the south of China, there is a kind of small dumpling with no stuffing, which can be cooked with longan red date soup or longan ginger soup. According to Chinese medicine, even soup can strengthen the body and dispel cold.

Editor: Liu Li