Zeng Taiyuan | "loong" jumped into the Oxford English Dictionary.

Perhaps it is purely coincidental, but I believe it is intentional, deliberate and then move. In January 2024, on the eve of year of the loong, the Oxford English Dictionary (OED), a treasure house of English words, showed obvious movement, and turned its attention to China again after many years. The English word "loong" awoke from hibernation, opened his eyes and got up, ready to rise.
For the first time in history, Chinese dragon (loong) has been included in the brand English dictionary, and it is also OED, a recognized word authority in the English-speaking world. Chinese dragon has gone through lexicalization, from loose free combination to tight fixed collocation, and it has been loaded into dictionaries and become a justified lexical unit.
Bronze Dragon with Gold Core in Tang Dynasty Collected in Shaanxi History Museum
The voluminous OED published its first edition in 1928, positioning itself as "the most authoritative record of English language". The second edition was launched in 1989, with a total of 20 volumes. After that, three small volumes of Addendum Series of Oxford English Dictionary were published one after another, adding new words and meanings and revising existing contents. In 2000, OED integrated the second edition and the addendum series, and launched a paid online edition. Since then, OED has gone online and updated online every quarter, providing readers with some results of the third edition under editing.
OED was updated in the fourth quarter of 2023 and was not officially launched until January 2024. Among them, the new entry, Chinese dragon, is complete and comprehensive in content, including pronunciation, etymology, definition, documentary evidence (quotation, a written example with a source), cross reference (two words are complementary to each other), and the collection history of entries (time information shows that Chinese dragon was first published in December 2023). Prior to this, Chinese dragon was not included in the traditional brand dictionaries in the English-speaking world, and it was only mentioned in the definitions or examples of other terms at most.
Chinese dragon has two definitions in OED. The first one focuses on the physical entity, which refers to the image or statue of loong, and the second one focuses on the psychological projection, which refers to the animals in China mythology, covering the first definition. The following is the second definition of Chinese dragon, which is rich in content and three-dimensional:
A mythological creature or god associated with China,depicted in a variety of different animal forms but typically as a serpent with four limbs, And symbolizing wisdom, fortune, and power. Also: such a creative viewed as a personification of China or its former empire. (The god beast or spirit related to China is depicted as various animal forms, but it is basically a four-legged snake, symbolizing wisdom, fate and power. In addition, this beast is also regarded as the embodiment of China or the former empire)
OED’s documentary evidence shows that as early as 1754, the Chinese dragon group had appeared in the literature, and the Italian Letter written by Earl Irish aristocracy Orie. The latest documentary evidence is taken from the English Shanghai Daily on August 7, 2013:
The Chinese dragon is the greatest symbol of power and good fortune and no traditional festival is complete without an undetermined dragon dance. (loong is the grandest symbol of power and luck, and traditional festivals are complete only with undulating dragon dances.).
Before Chinese dragon became an independent word, the English translation of "dragon" was generally based on bare dragon. However, the traditional dragon in the West is the embodiment of evil, and its negative image is deeply rooted in people’s hearts. OED defines dragon as follows: "The mythical monster is a giant and terrible reptile, which often combines the body structure of snakes and crocodiles, with strong claws, like beasts or raptors, scales and wings, and can breathe fire sometimes."
Tang Chi Jin Zou Long Shaanxi History Museum
Loong looks like a dragon in the west, but there are key differences. That’s why English adds Chinese decoration in front of dragon to define and distinguish it. This Chinese dragon group appeared in written records in the middle of the 18th century, which indicated that English speakers at that time had realized the differences between loong and Western Dragons.
Loong is different from the Western Dragon, which is clearly reflected in the other two large authoritative dictionaries. One is Webster’s Third Edition New International English Dictionary published in 1961, which is a very large single-volume modern English dictionary published in the United States. Webster’s does not include Chinese dragon, but the definition of dragon gives loong a meaning, saying that it is a beneficial supernatural creation in Chinese mythology connected with rain and floods (a miraculous animal in China mythology, kind and generous, related to rain and floods).
The second is the New Oxford English Dictionary published in 1998, which is a large-scale single-volume modern English dictionary based on corpus, and has nothing to do with OED. Chinese dragon is not included in New Oxford either, but in the definition of dragon, loong’s goodness and auspiciousness are pointed out: in East Asia, the dragon is naturally a beneficial symbol of fertility, associated with water and the treasures. (In East Asia, dragons are mostly kind and generous, symbolizing wealth, which is related to water and heaven).
What these two large authoritative modern English dictionaries reveal is that even though loong has no other entries and is included separately, the semantics of dragon has been divided, which clearly shows that the dragon of western traditional culture is one piece, and the dragon of China traditional culture is another piece, which is related to each other but different. Dictionaries reflect the current situation of language, which means that such cognition has a sufficient mass base in the English world.
Some theorists believe that translating China’s dragon into English is a huge mistake, which must be dealt with seriously and corrected thoroughly. Now, it seems that it is no longer necessary. All kinds of evidence show that dragon can also refer to loong, which is different from the Western Dragon. If there are doubts about semantics and the context is ambiguous, it must be made clear that this dragon is loong, and it can be easily resolved by putting Chinese before Dragon. The literature also shows that Chinese dragon has been used for more than 200 years, and the relevant evidence of various corpora is overwhelming. On the eve of year of the loong, Jiachen was certified and included by OED, so it should be no problem to translate China dragon into Chinese dragon.
Of course, if the English of "long" wants to find another way, it is also a way worth trying with the help of the transliteration of Long. Dragon is one of the core features of Chinese culture, and the English translation of cultural characteristic words is always based on phonetics, which is universally applicable. Transliteration highlights the main body of culture and expresses cultural self-confidence. However, English as a non-native language is not our decision, and it is only effective if it is widely recognized by English speakers. This road is long.
Author: Zeng Taiyuan
Text: Zeng Taiyuan Professor, English Department, Shanghai Sanda University Researcher, Corpus Application and Research Center Photo: Editor: Chen Shaoxu Editor: Li Chunyi
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What are the TOP10 popular destinations for Lantern Festival? Youth groups become the main force of travel

Text/Yangcheng Evening News All-Media Reporter Literature and Art
The Spring Festival holiday in the Year of the Tiger ended, and the Lantern Festival followed. After the Spring Festival, the off-peak travel ushered in a small climax. According to the latest booking data of Tuniu Travel Network, during the Lantern Festival, Sanya, Xiamen, Lijiang and other places became the top three popular destinations in China, and theme parks and characteristic theme hotels became popular holiday opening methods.
Youth groups become the main force of travel, and "Hotel+"unlocks more leisure time.
According to the booking data of Tuniu Travel Network, during the Lantern Festival this year, tourists from Nanjing, Beijing, Shanghai, Shenzhen, Yinchuan, Guangzhou, Harbin, Shenyang, Hohhot and Hefei were the most enthusiastic.
In terms of destination selection, Sanya, Xiamen, Lijiang, Zhuhai, Harbin, Beijing, Shanghai, Nanjing, Chengdu and Zhangjiajie have become the top ten popular cities for the Lantern Festival. According to the user data of Tuniu Travel Network, this year’s Lantern Festival, young people aged 26-35 became the main force of travel, accounting for 36%.
Although the Spring Festival holiday has passed, the tourism market has not significantly "cooled down". According to data from Ctrip, the number of hotel reservations for the Lantern Festival this year has increased by 45% compared with last year, and the trend of "hotel vacation" still exists.
"During the three days before and after the Lantern Festival, the order volume of domestic theme hotels increased significantly, which ushered in another small peak after the Spring Festival." According to the person in charge of the hotel business of Tuniu Travel Network, the demand for hotels nowadays is more personalized, and the distinctive hotels represented by hot spring hotels, resort hotels, paradise hotels and online celebrity B&B have won the hearts of a large number of young users.
The popularity of the "Lantern Festival" increased by 312%, and the tickets for scenic spots increased by 30% year-on-year
Major scenic spots all over the country have also made full preparations for festival experiences such as watching lantern exhibitions, enjoying folk customs and night tours of intangible cultural heritage. A few days ago, the reporter learned from Ctrip that the booking volume of tickets for the Lantern Festival this year increased by nearly 30% compared with last year, and the search popularity of the keyword "Lantern Festival" increased by 312% a week later. The search volume of popular lantern festivals such as "Welcome the Spring Festival in Yuyuan Garden in 2022" and "Zigong China Lantern World" increased by more than four times compared with January.
According to the search popularity of recent lantern festivals, Ctrip counted five popular lantern festivals, namely: Zigong Zhonghua Lantern World, Yuyuan Garden in 2022 to welcome the Spring Festival (Yuyuan Lantern Festival), Longqingxia Ice Lantern, Shenyang Spring Festival Lantern Festival in 2022 and Shenzhen Bay Area Super Lantern Festival in 2022.
It is worth mentioning that young people in small towns love Lantern Festival more than those in big cities and small towns. According to the data of Ctrip Lantern Festival, the growth rate of tourists visiting the Lantern Festival scenic spots in fourth-and fifth-tier cities is much higher than that in first-tier and new-tier cities. In the fourth-and fifth-tier cities, the growth of the Lantern Festival in this year’s Lantern Festival is 62% and 30% respectively; The growth of fourth-tier cities is 80% higher than that of new first-tier cities.
Among them, Rizhao, Shandong, Zhumadian, Zhoukou, Jincheng, Shanxi, Zhangjiakou, Hebei, Zigong, Meishan, Suizhou, Hubei, Yining, Xinjiang and Siping, Jilin have the strongest atmosphere of enjoying lanterns and observing the New Year.
Source | Yangcheng Evening News Yangcheng School
Editor | Huang Zhouhui
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How to prevent love from losing to distance

In clinical psychological counseling, couples or couples often encounter the problem of separation. The more you consult these questions, the more you can find that there is a natural conflict between love and distance. If we don’t handle it carefully, the probability of love losing to distance is still quite large. Therefore, whether it is a couple in love or an old couple who have been married for many years, it is a problem that we need to face up to and pay attention to.

The following analysis and suggestions can also provide reference for the situation that the family cannot be taken care of for some reasons.

Whether it’s a couple in love or an old couple who have been married for many years, being away from home is a problem that we need to face up to and pay attention to; Image from the network)

Why distance

Have such a great influence on love?

Speaking of this question, I have to talk about three essential elements of perfect love: intimacy, passion and commitment. The three elements of love were put forward by Robert Robert Jeffrey Sternberg, a professor of psychology at Yale University. He pointed out that different stages and types of love can be interpreted as different combinations of these three elements. For example, with the development of two people’s romantic relationship, the focus of each component will change. For example, there will be more passion at first, but gradually, commitment will become more important. Robert Jeffrey Sternberg also found that the duration of a relationship based on a single factor is not as long as that based on two or three factors.

Three elements of love: intimacy, passion and commitment; The size of the triangle indicates the degree of admiration, and the larger the triangle, the higher the degree of admiration; Each horn represents a unique type of love; Different combinations form seven different types of love; Image from the network)

Usually, the intimate relationship with the longest persistence and the highest satisfaction is obtained by the efforts of both partners to maintain intimacy and enhance their sense of responsibility.

In a long-distance relationship, intimacy is easily affected. Sometimes what can be solved by a hug leads to misunderstandings and the accumulation of negative emotions because of the obstacles of emotional expression.

Coupled with the cumulative effect of different living environments and different social circles, over time, it is likely that two people will have less and less common language and it will become more and more difficult to understand each other.

What is even more frightening is that it will wear away trust. There are many uncertain factors for two people who live in different places for a long time, such as a message or phone call that can’t be answered in time, a photo taken with other members of the opposite sex, a lie that hides their whereabouts, and so on, which may lead to the collapse of trust.

Therefore, the lack of intimacy is the key reason why many long-distance relationships lose to distance and time.

Lack of intimacy is the key reason why many long-distance relationships lose to distance and time; Image from the network)

How to overcome the troubles in different places?

Then how can we overcome the unfavorable factors brought by different places and maintain a harmonious and long-lasting relationship? We suggest that couples or couples who are experiencing the test in different places need to do the following work:

First, learn to communicate deeply and build a building of trust.

The hardest part to deal with in different places is communication. Many people think that communication mainly depends on language, but in actual communication, the influence of language information is very small, accounting for only about 7%, and tone, facial expression and body account for 93%. Therefore, when two people communicate in different places, it is impossible to fully understand each other’s emotional state, even if it is a video, it lacks the participation of touch and smell, and it is impossible to achieve a comprehensive experience. Therefore, it is very important to improve the depth and efficiency of communication.

For communication in different places, we suggest that the big principle is "report every day, learn to share, and don’t have a cold war".

(The principle of communication in different places: report every day, learn to share, and never have a cold war; Image from the network)

Many couples in different places are busy at work, so it may be unrealistic to report from time to time, but it may become a burden to each other. However, it is necessary to give a brief report every day, especially for men. Before going to bed, they should briefly talk about their day’s situation and the next day’s arrangements, voice messages or short calls. With such a habit, mutual trust will be enhanced.

By sharing your own life, you can let each other know about your living environment and dynamics and enhance each other’s sense of security.

But no matter how good two people are, conflicts are inevitable. Quarrel is not terrible, but couples in different places should not use the cold war to deal with conflicts.

Second, strengthen the sense of ceremony, and farewell is better than marriage.

The preservation of two people’s love needs a sense of ceremony, and it is more urgent for both parties in different places to achieve the state of "a little farewell is better than a new marriage" by strengthening the sense of ceremony.

We can strengthen the sense of ritual in getting along from two aspects, one is to make rules, and the other is to create romance.

You can strengthen the sense of ritual in getting along in two ways: making rules and creating romance; Image from the network)

At the beginning of different places, it is necessary to make some rules to ensure the constant love interaction between two people. For example, talk every day, say good night to each other every day, and make regular video calls; Regarding communication, we must speak out if there are contradictions, instead of holding them in our hearts and fighting for the night; Regarding trust, no matter how busy you are, you should explain it in advance and share it briefly, and you must explain the unexpected situation afterwards. These agreements will subconsciously make us cherish our feelings and make the feelings in different places more stable.

In creating romance, many couples, especially girls, need to feel loved, so don’t ignore each other’s needs and set aside time to take care of her emotions and express their feelings. Properly expressing your thoughts and love for each other can make each other feel cared for. You can also often create some surprises for each other, such as writing a few love words to each other and singing a love song to each other. If you travel frequently, when you meet again, you should buy some carefully selected gifts for the other party, such as what the other party mentioned to you, to let the other party know that you are thinking about her at any time, so as to achieve the effect that parting is better than getting married.

Third, create romantic expectations and give full play to the power of commitment.

For a long-distance relationship, commitment is an important driving force for each other to overcome the current difficulties. If there is no expectation for the future, it is difficult for two people to resist the suffering of loneliness and missing. Therefore, when you are in a different place, you must increase the chances of meeting as much as possible, and before each separation, you can start to create the expectation of meeting next time, and try to be specific and look forward to it together. For example, "Let’s meet in a month, and I’ll cook you a big seafood dinner, so that you can taste my loving cooking skills.".

(When you are in a different place, you must increase the chances of meeting as much as possible, and before each separation, you can start to create the expectation of meeting next time, try to be specific and look forward to it together, but don’t break your promise; Image from the network)

Expectation can be divided into short-term goals and long-term goals.

Short-term goals can be aimed at mutual interests, such as traveling together, shopping together, climbing mountains together, watching movies together, etc. You can make a detailed plan, work together and implement it one by one, so that more connections can be built.

Don’t break your promise, if it doesn’t come true, and blame each other, the balance of your emotional savings account will be less and less.

The long-term goal is about the expectations of being together in the future. Couples in love can look forward to the wedding picture together, how romantic the wedding is, how exquisite the home decoration is, and how interesting the future life will be. For example, "When we get married in the future, we must raise a lovely kitten at home and have a particularly lovely child. I will take pictures of you, the kitten and the child, and I will be very happy when I think about it."

For married couples, how to solve the problem of separation between the two places is a very realistic topic. The other party may understand the needs of temporary career development, but if career development is always put above the needs of the other party, the probability of emotional problems is still very high if two people get together for a long time, so it is necessary to take care of how long to solve the problem in different places and how to make up for each other’s feelings, and give a promise to make the other party really feel at ease.

This paper is adapted from Intimate Relationship Management —— How to Deal with Conflicts in Intimate Relationship Rationally.

If you have other questions about marriage or physical and mental health, please feel free to give us feedback, and we will choose appropriate topics to answer questions on popular science.

Contribution/Publicity Department of Public Security Department

Editor/Seagull

Original title: "Better Police Body and Mind | How to Keep Love from Losing to Distance"

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